High Pass Filter:
A high pass filter is an electronic circuit that allows high-frequency signals to pass through while attenuating low-frequency signals. It is commonly used in audio systems, communication systems, and signal processing applications.

Minimum hardware required:
To implement a high pass filter, we need a combination of passive components like resistors, capacitors, and optionally, an active component like an operational amplifier (op-amp). Among the given options, the minimum hardware required is a resistance and a capacitance (Option C).

Explanation:
A high pass filter can be built using different configurations. The most basic configuration is the first-order high pass filter, also known as a RC high pass filter. This configuration consists of a resistor and a capacitor.

RC High Pass Filter:
In an RC high pass filter, the resistor (R) and capacitor (C) are connected in series. The input signal is applied across the series combination, and the output is taken across the capacitor.

Working Principle:
The high pass filter works based on the charging and discharging behavior of the capacitor. At low frequencies, the reactance of the capacitor (1/(2πfC)) is high, which results in a significant voltage drop across the capacitor and attenuates the low-frequency signals. At high frequencies, the reactance of the capacitor decreases, allowing the high-frequency signals to pass through with minimal attenuation.

Role of Resistance:
The resistor in the high pass filter determines the cut-off frequency (fc) - the frequency at which the filter starts attenuating the signal. The cut-off frequency is given by the formula fc = 1/(2πRC). The resistor, in combination with the capacitor, sets the time constant of the filter and influences the filter's response.

Role of Capacitance:
The capacitance in the high pass filter determines the reactance of the capacitor. A larger capacitance value results in lower reactance at a given frequency, allowing higher frequencies to pass through. The choice of capacitance influences the cut-off frequency and the filter's overall performance.

Optional Role of Op-Amp:
While a high pass filter can be implemented using only a resistor and a capacitor, adding an operational amplifier (op-amp) can provide additional benefits. The op-amp can be used to amplify the filtered output signal, improve the filter's gain, or provide impedance matching.

Conclusion:
In summary, the minimum hardware required to construct a high pass filter is a resistance and a capacitance (Option C). The resistor and capacitor combination in an RC high pass filter allows high-frequency signals to pass through while attenuating low-frequency signals. The addition of an op-amp is optional and can provide additional functionality and performance improvements.