For a pure substance, ln P(solid) = –20/T 10 and ln P(liquid) = –15/...
**Given Information:**
- ln P(solid) = –20/T 10
- ln P(liquid) = –15/T 2
**Calculating Enthalpy of Fusion:**
To calculate the enthalpy of fusion, we need to use the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, which relates the vapor pressure of a substance in its solid and liquid states to the enthalpy of fusion.
The Clausius-Clapeyron equation is given by:
ln(P2/P1) = ΔH_fus/R * (1/T1 - 1/T2)
where:
- P1 and P2 are the vapor pressures of the substance in its solid and liquid states, respectively.
- ΔH_fus is the enthalpy of fusion.
- R is the ideal gas constant.
- T1 and T2 are the temperatures of the substance in its solid and liquid states, respectively.
**Calculating ΔH_fus:**
Let's use the given information to calculate ΔH_fus.
From the given equation, ln P(solid) = –20/T 10, we can rewrite it as:
ln(P2/P1) = –20/T 10
Comparing this equation with the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, we can see that:
- P2/P1 = e^(-20/T 10)
- T1 = 10
Similarly, from the second given equation, ln P(liquid) = –15/T 2, we can rewrite it as:
ln(P2/P1) = –15/T 2
Comparing this equation with the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, we can see that:
- P2/P1 = e^(-15/T 2)
- T2 = 2
**Substituting the values into the Clausius-Clapeyron equation:**
Now, let's substitute the values into the Clausius-Clapeyron equation and solve for ΔH_fus:
ln(P2/P1) = ΔH_fus/R * (1/T1 - 1/T2)
ln(e^(-20/T 10)) = ΔH_fus/R * (1/10 - 1/2)
-20/T 10 = ΔH_fus/R * (1/10 - 1/2)
Simplifying the equation gives:
-2 = ΔH_fus/R * (1/10 - 1/2)
-2 = ΔH_fus/R * (-4/10)
-2 = ΔH_fus/R * (-2/5)
ΔH_fus/R = 5/2
ΔH_fus = (5/2) * R
Therefore, the enthalpy of fusion, ΔH_fus, is equal to (5/2) times the ideal gas constant, R.