• Moderates have too much faith in the British sense
of justice. While, Radicals openly criticised the
British government for not fulfilling the demands.
• Moderates broadly expressed their views in the term
of Prayer, Petition and Protest. While, Radicals
thought that rights could only won by putting strong
pressure on the government.

The Policies and Programmes of Moderates and Radicals

Moderates:
1. Political Approach: The moderates believed in the policy of constitutional agitation and peaceful methods for achieving their goals. They aimed to bring about social and political reforms through discussions, petitions, and protests.
2. Demands: The moderates primarily focused on obtaining political reforms within the framework of the British rule, rather than seeking complete independence. They demanded the expansion of legislative councils, representation of Indians in the government, and increased opportunities for Indians in the civil services.
3. Methods: They used moderate methods to achieve their objectives, such as writing articles in newspapers, organizing public meetings, and presenting petitions to the British government.
4. Collaboration with British: The moderates believed in collaborating with the British authorities and wanted to work together for the betterment of India. They hoped that by demonstrating loyalty and adopting constitutional means, the British government would grant their demands.
5. Leaders: Prominent moderate leaders included Dadabhai Naoroji, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Surendranath Banerjee, and Pherozeshah Mehta.

Radicals:
1. Political Approach: The radicals believed in more aggressive and confrontational methods to achieve their objectives. They advocated for complete independence from British rule and rejected the idea of working within the existing system.
2. Demands: The radicals demanded complete self-rule and opposed any form of collaboration with the British government. They aimed to overthrow the British rule and establish an independent Indian state.
3. Methods: The radicals used more radical methods to achieve their goals, such as boycotting British goods, organizing mass protests, and advocating for the use of force if necessary.
4. Opposition to British Rule: The radicals saw the British rule as oppressive and exploitative, and believed that true freedom could only be achieved through a revolution or armed struggle.
5. Leaders: Prominent radical leaders included Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Aurobindo Ghose.

Conclusion:
While both moderates and radicals aimed for political reforms and the betterment of India, their approaches and methods differed significantly. Moderates focused on constitutional agitation and collaboration with the British, whereas radicals advocated for complete independence and more radical methods including boycotts and armed struggle.