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What are three challenges faced by India during independent?
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What are three challenges faced by India during independent?
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What are three challenges faced by India during independent?
✓1.Challenge to Shape a Nation: India was divided among various states at the time of independence. Hence a great challenge arose to unify and integrate country into one bond. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel took upon himself to integrate these states either wishfully or diplomatically to be completed into different stages.✓2. To Establish Democratic Set up: India constituted representative democracy based on parliamentary form of government and it was a great challenge to develop these democratic practices in the nation.✓3. To Ensure Development and Well Being of the Society: Indian polity made herself to achieve welfare goals with the evolvement of effective economic policies and eradication of poverty and unemployment.
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The Constitution of India ensured woman an equal position with man in regard to her rights and responsibilities. Inheritance and other laws were enacted to safeguard her and to give her economic and psychological stability. We see how fragile legislation can be when it is not backed by sturdy and passionate human beings who ensure that legislation is translated into action.In the last few years we find an erosion of womans position not only in India but all over the world.There is a growing materialism and an increasing fundamentalism which seeks to entangle women through an emphasis on tradition, heritage, custom, the Sastras, religious texts and so push her centuries back through a man-made social code that limits womans initiative, creativity and growth.With the explosion in technology in computer literacy and in increasing search for extending areas of artificial intelligence, new challenges have appeared on the horizon. Labour based on the male physique which dominated employment and defined a womans role for centuries is being replaced by skill and intelligence oriented systems for creating wealth. It is possible in the coming decades to erase discrimination based on gender, but in India to introduce such systems that render the human beings less and less important in the production, processes, when seen against a scenario of exploding population, of growing unemployment, can only accentuate tension and conflict. As of today no social, economic and psychological solutions to the problem of employment are available. Reservations for women remain valid on paper. The woman remains a victim.Economic freedom and the independence that arises from it is essential for women. We have to ensure through field studies, through education, through right use of franchise, through an observing eye and ear to unravel this knot of employment for women. This is only possible with the right use of technology and the examination and strengthening of existing technologies.A growing fundamentalism is evident in the horrors that have been perpetrated on women. We are aware how through TV, radio, advertising, magazines, visual and language traps are set up in which woman inevitably falls.This is further accentuated through an educational system, through outdated values and through a close-box culture which binds woman to her manmade role as daughter, wife and mother, so that she exists only in relation to man. In our culture the woman has no independent existence.Can we create a new agenda for woman based on skill, creativity, knowledge, austerity, compassion and responsibility?Q. How does growing unemployment in India come in the way of upliftment of women?

The polity assured to the people of India by the Constitution is described in the Preamble wherein the word "secular" was added by the 42nd Amendment. It highlights the fundamental rights guaranteed in Articles 25 to 28 that the State shall have no religion of its own and all persons shall be equally entitled to freedom of conscience and the right freely to profess, practise and propagate religion of their own choice, in brief, this is the concept of secularism as a basic feature of the Constitution of India and the way of life adopted by the people of India as their abiding faith and creed. M.C. Setalvad in Patel Memorial Lectures - 1985, on Secularism, referring to the Indian concept of secularism, stated thus:The ideal, therefore, of a secular State in the sense of a State which treats all religions alike and displays benevolent neutrality towards them is in a way more suited to the Indian environment and climate than that of a truly secular State. Secularism, in the Indian context, must be given the widest possible content. It should connote the eradication of all attitudes and practices derived from or connected with religion which impede our development and retard our growth into an integrated nation The concept of secularism is very much embedded in our constitutional philosophy.Secularism is thus more than a passive attitude of religious tolerance. It is a positive concept of equal treatment of all religions. The State has no religion. The State is bound to honour and to wield the scales even between all religions. It may not advance the cause of one religion to the detriment of another. Thus, only concerted and earnest endeavour, both by the State and citizen, towards secularisation lead to the stabilisation of our democratic state and the establishment of a true and cohesive Indian nationhood.Q. Modu is an ardent follower of a religion followed by the majority population in the country. Moduis elected with a landslide victory in the general elections.Gondu, his political opponent belongs to a minority religion in the country. Gondu challenges Modus appointment. Basic premise of the challenge is that election cannot be allowed of a person who follows communal practices, excludes the interests of other religions and remains silent during religious intolerance and lynching. Based on the authors arguments and reasoning of the passage, decide the validity of the petition?

The Constitution of India ensured woman an equal position with man in regard to her rights and responsibilities. Inheritance and other laws were enacted to safeguard her and to give her economic and psychological stability. We see how fragile legislation can be when it is not backed by sturdy and passionate human beings who ensure that legislation is translated into action.In the last few years we find an erosion of womans position not only in India but all over the world.There is a growing materialism and an increasing fundamentalism which seeks to entangle women through an emphasis on tradition, heritage, custom, the Sastras, religious texts and so push her centuries back through a man-made social code that limits womans initiative, creativity and growth.With the explosion in technology in computer literacy and in increasing search for extending areas of artificial intelligence, new challenges have appeared on the horizon. Labour based on the male physique which dominated employment and defined a womans role for centuries is being replaced by skill and intelligence oriented systems for creating wealth. It is possible in the coming decades to erase discrimination based on gender, but in India to introduce such systems that render the human beings less and less important in the production, processes, when seen against a scenario of exploding population, of growing unemployment, can only accentuate tension and conflict. As of today no social, economic and psychological solutions to the problem of employment are available. Reservations for women remain valid on paper. The woman remains a victim.Economic freedom and the independence that arises from it is essential for women. We have to ensure through field studies, through education, through right use of franchise, through an observing eye and ear to unravel this knot of employment for women. This is only possible with the right use of technology and the examination and strengthening of existing technologies.A growing fundamentalism is evident in the horrors that have been perpetrated on women. We are aware how through TV, radio, advertising, magazines, visual and language traps are set up in which woman inevitably falls.This is further accentuated through an educational system, through outdated values and through a close-box culture which binds woman to her manmade role as daughter, wife and mother, so that she exists only in relation to man. In our culture the woman has no independent existence.Can we create a new agenda for woman based on skill, creativity, knowledge, austerity, compassion and responsibility?Q. What is one of the ways of attaining self-sufficiency for women according to the passage?

The unanimous ruling of the International Court of Justice (ICJ), on Thursday, on the prevention of alleged acts of genocide against Rohingya Muslims has finally pinned legal responsibility on Myanmars government for the militarys large-scale excesses of 2017. The court has further emphasised that an estimated 600,000 Rohingya resident in Myanmar still remained highly vulnerable to attacks from the security forces. The ruling vindicates findings by the UN and human rights groups on the prevalence of hate speech, mass atrocities of rape and extra-judicial killings, and torching of villages in Myanmars Rakhine province, leading to the forced migration of thousands to Bangladesh. The ruling pertains to the Gambias suit on behalf of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), alleging that the brutalities by the defence services amounted to crimes of genocide under the 1948 Genocide Convention. Arguing the defence in person during the three-day public hearings last month, Ms. Suu Kyi, who was elected in 2016, insisted that the 2017 violence was proportionate to the threat of insurgency. She even questioned the Gambias standing to bring the suit, saying that there was no bilateral dispute.Rejecting the ICJs ruling, Myanmars Foreign Ministry has accused rights groups of presenting the Court with a distorted picture of the prevailing situation. In a statement, it defended the armys action as a legitimate response to violations of the law by the insurgent Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army. However, the above claim is at odds with the findings this week of an Independent Commission of Enquiry established by the government.The Commission acknowledged that war crimes had indeed been committed during the military campaign, when about 900 people were killed. But there was nothing to back the assertions of gang-rape, or evidence to presume any intent of genocide, it held. Although it could take years before the court pronounces the final verdict in the genocide case, Thursdays injunction is an important victory for the refugees languishing in Bangladeshi camps. It empowers the UN Security Council to prevail upon Myanmar to take appropriate measures for the rehabilitation and repatriation of displaced communities. As the biggest regional player, China could play a constructive role to ensure a speedy return to normalcy in its neighbourhood. India has its own interests in an amicable resolution of Myanmars internal dispute. Above all, finding closure to the current dispute would mark the completion of Myanmars return to civilian rule.Q. Sarabjit, an Indian who was attacked in a prison in Pakistan where he spent 22 years after being convicted of terrorism and died in Pakistan. Sarabjit was an Indian national convicted of terrorism and spying by a Pakistani court. Can India bring a claim of genocide against Pakistan?

Direction: Read the following case study and answer the given question.During the colonial rule, there was neither growth nor equity in the agricultural sector. The policy makers of independent India had to address these issues which they did through land reforms and promoting the use of ‘High Yielding Variety’ (HYV) seeds which ushered in a revolution in Indian agriculture.The stagnation in agriculture during the colonial rule was permanently broken by the green revolution. This refers to the large increase in production of food grains resulting from the use of high yielding variety (HYV)seeds especially for wheat and rice. The use of these seeds required the use of fertiliser and pesticide in the correct quantities as well as regular supply of water. Also, the application of these inputs in correct proportions is vital. The spread of green revolution technology enabled India to achieve self-sufficiency in food grains and we no longer had to be at the mercy of America, or any other nation, for meeting our nation’s food requirements.Thus, land reform measures along with green revolution promoted equity in the agricultural sector.Q. Which among the following crops chiefly benefitted as a result of green revolution?

What are three challenges faced by India during independent?
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