It is dark inside a forest because we stand on the forest floor , and the forest floor is blocked by the canopy layer which does not allow the sunlight to enter the forest floor. Only 2 % of sunlight actually reaches the forest floor.

Why is it dark inside a forest?

There are several factors that contribute to the darkness inside a forest. Let's explore them in detail:

1. Canopy Cover:
The most significant reason for the darkness inside a forest is the thick canopy cover formed by the overlapping branches and leaves of tall trees. The canopy acts as a roof and blocks a significant amount of sunlight from reaching the ground. This results in reduced light intensity and creates a shady environment within the forest.

2. Tree Density:
Forests are densely populated with trees. The close proximity of trees and their large numbers further limits the penetration of sunlight. The dense tree cover reduces the amount of light that can enter the forest, making it appear darker.

3. Tall Trees:
Forests are home to a variety of tall trees that can reach great heights. These trees have large trunks and expansive leaves that create a dense layer above the forest floor. The height and thickness of these trees contribute to the obstruction of sunlight, leading to the darkness within the forest.

4. Understory Plants and Shrubs:
In addition to the tall trees, forests also contain understory plants and shrubs that grow beneath the canopy. These plants receive even less sunlight due to the shade created by the trees above them. Consequently, they adapt to low-light conditions and are better suited for survival in the dark environment of the forest.

5. Absorption and Reflection:
The dark coloration of the tree trunks, leaves, and vegetation in the forest also contributes to the overall darkness. The surfaces of these objects absorb and scatter sunlight, reducing its intensity. This absorption and reflection of light further contribute to the dimness within the forest.

In conclusion, the darkness inside a forest is primarily due to the thick canopy cover, high tree density, tall trees, presence of understory plants, and the absorption and reflection of sunlight by the forest's vegetation. These factors combine to create a unique and shaded environment that is characteristic of forests.