All other options are wrong and option C is correct bcz more factories are established society will be more modern because of involvement of much more skilled people in factories..Society should be modern if cities would develop,more cities dvlp society would be more modern.In short, development of cities and establishment of factories are only source of modern society.

The correct answer is option C: urbanisation and factory production.

Urbanisation and factory production are key features of modern societies. Let's discuss each of these features in detail:

1. Urbanisation:
Urbanisation refers to the process of the growth and expansion of cities and towns. In modern societies, there is a significant shift of the population from rural areas to urban areas. This is driven by various factors such as economic opportunities, better infrastructure, and access to services. The growth of cities leads to the concentration of people, resources, and institutions in urban areas.

Urbanisation has several implications for modern societies:
- Social Interactions: In urban areas, people from diverse backgrounds come together, leading to increased social interactions and the exchange of ideas. This fosters cultural diversity and innovation.
- Economic Development: Urban areas often serve as economic hubs, attracting businesses, industries, and investments. This leads to job opportunities and economic growth.
- Infrastructure: Urban areas have developed infrastructure such as roads, transportation systems, and utilities, providing better access to services and amenities.
- Social Services: Urban areas usually have better access to healthcare, education, and other social services, improving the quality of life for residents.

2. Factory Production:
Factory production is a key component of modern societies. It involves the mass production of goods in large-scale industrial facilities. This mode of production emerged during the Industrial Revolution and continues to play a significant role in modern economies.

Factory production has several implications for modern societies:
- Specialisation of Work: In factories, tasks are divided among workers, leading to the specialisation of work. This increases efficiency and productivity.
- Economic Growth: Factory production enables the production of goods on a large scale, meeting the demands of growing populations. It contributes to economic growth and development.
- Technological Advancements: Factory production drives technological advancements as industries constantly seek ways to improve efficiency and reduce costs. This leads to innovation and the development of new technologies.
- Social Change: Factory production has transformed social structures and relationships. It has led to the rise of the working class, the emergence of labour movements, and changes in the division of labour in society.

In conclusion, urbanisation and factory production are two important features of modern societies. Urbanisation brings about the growth of cities, leading to increased social interactions, economic development, and improved infrastructure. Factory production, on the other hand, enables mass production, specialisation of work, economic growth, technological advancements, and social change. These features have shaped and continue to shape modern societies in profound ways.