Buchanan was a Physician

According to the given options, the correct answer is option B, which states that Buchanan was a physician. To understand why this is the correct answer, let's explore the background and accomplishments of Buchanan.

Background of Buchanan
- Buchanan, also known as Francis Buchanan-Hamilton, was a Scottish physician and naturalist.
- He was born on February 15, 1762, in Bardowie, Scotland, and died on June 15, 1829, in Edinburgh, Scotland.

Accomplishments as a Physician
- Buchanan studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh and obtained his medical degree in 1783.
- He then joined the medical service of the British East India Company and was stationed in various parts of India for several years.
- During his time in India, Buchanan conducted extensive research and made significant contributions to the fields of medicine, botany, and zoology.

Contributions to Medicine
- Buchanan's medical work primarily focused on the study and treatment of tropical diseases prevalent in India.
- He conducted detailed investigations on the causes and symptoms of diseases like malaria, dysentery, and cholera.
- Buchanan's observations and findings helped in the development of effective preventive measures and treatment strategies for these diseases.

Explorations in Botany and Zoology
- Buchanan also dedicated a substantial part of his life to studying the flora and fauna of India.
- He conducted botanical surveys in various regions, documenting and describing numerous plant species.
- Buchanan's botanical work resulted in the publication of several important botanical studies, including "An Account of the Plants of the Coast of Coromandel" and "An Account of the Fishes Found in the River Ganges and its Branches."

Conclusion
Considering Buchanan's background, education, and contributions, it is evident that he was primarily known as a physician. While he did have an interest in archaeology, philosophy, and exploration, his significant achievements and recognition were primarily in the field of medicine. Therefore, option B, stating that Buchanan was a physician, is the correct answer.