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On November 20, the Karnataka government issued a notification allowing women to work night shifts (7 p.m. to 6 a.m.) in all factories registered under the Factories Act, 1948. In line with the Night Work Convention, 1990 of the International Labour Organization, these States amended the Factories Act to remove both sex-based discrimination in night work and restrictions on the fundamental right to practise any profession, occupation, trade, or business of one’s choice.Many concernsIn principle, this is a welcome move. The amendment suggests that night shifts for women will only be allowed if the employer ensures adequate safeguards concerning occupational safety and health, protection of dignity and honour, and transportation from the factory premises to points nearest to the worker’s residence. Yet, women workers fear that when there is no safety or dignity in the workplace even during daytime, how will employers ensure all this during night shifts?The Garment Labour Union, GLU says they were neither consulted on this matter nor given a circular for their perusal. They are puzzled that the night shift amendment does not address the issue of pay structure for night work. Against this background, they feel the new rules recommending monthly meetings with the representatives of the employer are farcical. Workers also express scepticism about strengthening the role of inspectors in factories, as past experience shows improperly conducted inspections or negligence towards grave violations. The reality is that workers face the threat of losing their jobs if they report such violations. Also, while the amendment has prioritised installation of CCTV cameras, workers point out that there is no guarantee of their operational status, or clarity on who handles the footage. The amendment has also failed to address child care, an important concern in a women dominated sector, especially when paid care is beyond their means. Other promises such as 12 consecutive hours of rest between the last shift and the night shift, separate canteens, and more rest rooms also appear unconvincing in a context where even rest room breaks are infrequent due to high production targets.Systemic failureIn a sector where there is systemic failure and worker management relations are turbulent, putting the onus of worker safety and security in the hands of the management alone can be risky. Moreover, it is well known that in supply chains the brands call the shots. Involving them in discussions on worker dignity and equality is important. Omitting workers and trade unions from discussions about the amendment is also seen by the workers as a shortsighted measure.Q.The notification is amended, and the Government make law providing for jail term for employers who do not follow the notification. In such a situation, according to the author:a)The new law would deliver on its promise of providing safety and security for women workforce.b)The new law would still fall short of safety and equal rights for women workforce.c)The new law would deliver on its promise, since it is necessary for the Government to have such law in principle though this law may not be viable.d)The new law would be a success, since the Government would not be able to implement it.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? for CLAT 2025 is part of CLAT preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the CLAT exam syllabus. Information about On November 20, the Karnataka government issued a notification allowing women to work night shifts (7 p.m. to 6 a.m.) in all factories registered under the Factories Act, 1948. In line with the Night Work Convention, 1990 of the International Labour Organization, these States amended the Factories Act to remove both sex-based discrimination in night work and restrictions on the fundamental right to practise any profession, occupation, trade, or business of one’s choice.Many concernsIn principle, this is a welcome move. The amendment suggests that night shifts for women will only be allowed if the employer ensures adequate safeguards concerning occupational safety and health, protection of dignity and honour, and transportation from the factory premises to points nearest to the worker’s residence. Yet, women workers fear that when there is no safety or dignity in the workplace even during daytime, how will employers ensure all this during night shifts?The Garment Labour Union, GLU says they were neither consulted on this matter nor given a circular for their perusal. They are puzzled that the night shift amendment does not address the issue of pay structure for night work. Against this background, they feel the new rules recommending monthly meetings with the representatives of the employer are farcical. Workers also express scepticism about strengthening the role of inspectors in factories, as past experience shows improperly conducted inspections or negligence towards grave violations. The reality is that workers face the threat of losing their jobs if they report such violations. Also, while the amendment has prioritised installation of CCTV cameras, workers point out that there is no guarantee of their operational status, or clarity on who handles the footage. The amendment has also failed to address child care, an important concern in a women dominated sector, especially when paid care is beyond their means. Other promises such as 12 consecutive hours of rest between the last shift and the night shift, separate canteens, and more rest rooms also appear unconvincing in a context where even rest room breaks are infrequent due to high production targets.Systemic failureIn a sector where there is systemic failure and worker management relations are turbulent, putting the onus of worker safety and security in the hands of the management alone can be risky. Moreover, it is well known that in supply chains the brands call the shots. Involving them in discussions on worker dignity and equality is important. Omitting workers and trade unions from discussions about the amendment is also seen by the workers as a shortsighted measure.Q.The notification is amended, and the Government make law providing for jail term for employers who do not follow the notification. In such a situation, according to the author:a)The new law would deliver on its promise of providing safety and security for women workforce.b)The new law would still fall short of safety and equal rights for women workforce.c)The new law would deliver on its promise, since it is necessary for the Government to have such law in principle though this law may not be viable.d)The new law would be a success, since the Government would not be able to implement it.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for CLAT 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for On November 20, the Karnataka government issued a notification allowing women to work night shifts (7 p.m. to 6 a.m.) in all factories registered under the Factories Act, 1948. In line with the Night Work Convention, 1990 of the International Labour Organization, these States amended the Factories Act to remove both sex-based discrimination in night work and restrictions on the fundamental right to practise any profession, occupation, trade, or business of one’s choice.Many concernsIn principle, this is a welcome move. The amendment suggests that night shifts for women will only be allowed if the employer ensures adequate safeguards concerning occupational safety and health, protection of dignity and honour, and transportation from the factory premises to points nearest to the worker’s residence. Yet, women workers fear that when there is no safety or dignity in the workplace even during daytime, how will employers ensure all this during night shifts?The Garment Labour Union, GLU says they were neither consulted on this matter nor given a circular for their perusal. They are puzzled that the night shift amendment does not address the issue of pay structure for night work. Against this background, they feel the new rules recommending monthly meetings with the representatives of the employer are farcical. Workers also express scepticism about strengthening the role of inspectors in factories, as past experience shows improperly conducted inspections or negligence towards grave violations. The reality is that workers face the threat of losing their jobs if they report such violations. Also, while the amendment has prioritised installation of CCTV cameras, workers point out that there is no guarantee of their operational status, or clarity on who handles the footage. The amendment has also failed to address child care, an important concern in a women dominated sector, especially when paid care is beyond their means. Other promises such as 12 consecutive hours of rest between the last shift and the night shift, separate canteens, and more rest rooms also appear unconvincing in a context where even rest room breaks are infrequent due to high production targets.Systemic failureIn a sector where there is systemic failure and worker management relations are turbulent, putting the onus of worker safety and security in the hands of the management alone can be risky. Moreover, it is well known that in supply chains the brands call the shots. Involving them in discussions on worker dignity and equality is important. Omitting workers and trade unions from discussions about the amendment is also seen by the workers as a shortsighted measure.Q.The notification is amended, and the Government make law providing for jail term for employers who do not follow the notification. In such a situation, according to the author:a)The new law would deliver on its promise of providing safety and security for women workforce.b)The new law would still fall short of safety and equal rights for women workforce.c)The new law would deliver on its promise, since it is necessary for the Government to have such law in principle though this law may not be viable.d)The new law would be a success, since the Government would not be able to implement it.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?.

Solutions for On November 20, the Karnataka government issued a notification allowing women to work night shifts (7 p.m. to 6 a.m.) in all factories registered under the Factories Act, 1948. In line with the Night Work Convention, 1990 of the International Labour Organization, these States amended the Factories Act to remove both sex-based discrimination in night work and restrictions on the fundamental right to practise any profession, occupation, trade, or business of one’s choice.Many concernsIn principle, this is a welcome move. The amendment suggests that night shifts for women will only be allowed if the employer ensures adequate safeguards concerning occupational safety and health, protection of dignity and honour, and transportation from the factory premises to points nearest to the worker’s residence. Yet, women workers fear that when there is no safety or dignity in the workplace even during daytime, how will employers ensure all this during night shifts?The Garment Labour Union, GLU says they were neither consulted on this matter nor given a circular for their perusal. They are puzzled that the night shift amendment does not address the issue of pay structure for night work. Against this background, they feel the new rules recommending monthly meetings with the representatives of the employer are farcical. Workers also express scepticism about strengthening the role of inspectors in factories, as past experience shows improperly conducted inspections or negligence towards grave violations. The reality is that workers face the threat of losing their jobs if they report such violations. Also, while the amendment has prioritised installation of CCTV cameras, workers point out that there is no guarantee of their operational status, or clarity on who handles the footage. The amendment has also failed to address child care, an important concern in a women dominated sector, especially when paid care is beyond their means. Other promises such as 12 consecutive hours of rest between the last shift and the night shift, separate canteens, and more rest rooms also appear unconvincing in a context where even rest room breaks are infrequent due to high production targets.Systemic failureIn a sector where there is systemic failure and worker management relations are turbulent, putting the onus of worker safety and security in the hands of the management alone can be risky. Moreover, it is well known that in supply chains the brands call the shots. Involving them in discussions on worker dignity and equality is important. Omitting workers and trade unions from discussions about the amendment is also seen by the workers as a shortsighted measure.Q.The notification is amended, and the Government make law providing for jail term for employers who do not follow the notification. In such a situation, according to the author:a)The new law would deliver on its promise of providing safety and security for women workforce.b)The new law would still fall short of safety and equal rights for women workforce.c)The new law would deliver on its promise, since it is necessary for the Government to have such law in principle though this law may not be viable.d)The new law would be a success, since the Government would not be able to implement it.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? in English & in Hindi are available as part of our courses for CLAT. Download more important topics, notes, lectures and mock test series for CLAT Exam by signing up for free.

Here you can find the meaning of On November 20, the Karnataka government issued a notification allowing women to work night shifts (7 p.m. to 6 a.m.) in all factories registered under the Factories Act, 1948. In line with the Night Work Convention, 1990 of the International Labour Organization, these States amended the Factories Act to remove both sex-based discrimination in night work and restrictions on the fundamental right to practise any profession, occupation, trade, or business of one’s choice.Many concernsIn principle, this is a welcome move. The amendment suggests that night shifts for women will only be allowed if the employer ensures adequate safeguards concerning occupational safety and health, protection of dignity and honour, and transportation from the factory premises to points nearest to the worker’s residence. Yet, women workers fear that when there is no safety or dignity in the workplace even during daytime, how will employers ensure all this during night shifts?The Garment Labour Union, GLU says they were neither consulted on this matter nor given a circular for their perusal. They are puzzled that the night shift amendment does not address the issue of pay structure for night work. Against this background, they feel the new rules recommending monthly meetings with the representatives of the employer are farcical. Workers also express scepticism about strengthening the role of inspectors in factories, as past experience shows improperly conducted inspections or negligence towards grave violations. The reality is that workers face the threat of losing their jobs if they report such violations. Also, while the amendment has prioritised installation of CCTV cameras, workers point out that there is no guarantee of their operational status, or clarity on who handles the footage. The amendment has also failed to address child care, an important concern in a women dominated sector, especially when paid care is beyond their means. Other promises such as 12 consecutive hours of rest between the last shift and the night shift, separate canteens, and more rest rooms also appear unconvincing in a context where even rest room breaks are infrequent due to high production targets.Systemic failureIn a sector where there is systemic failure and worker management relations are turbulent, putting the onus of worker safety and security in the hands of the management alone can be risky. Moreover, it is well known that in supply chains the brands call the shots. Involving them in discussions on worker dignity and equality is important. Omitting workers and trade unions from discussions about the amendment is also seen by the workers as a shortsighted measure.Q.The notification is amended, and the Government make law providing for jail term for employers who do not follow the notification. In such a situation, according to the author:a)The new law would deliver on its promise of providing safety and security for women workforce.b)The new law would still fall short of safety and equal rights for women workforce.c)The new law would deliver on its promise, since it is necessary for the Government to have such law in principle though this law may not be viable.d)The new law would be a success, since the Government would not be able to implement it.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? defined & explained in the simplest way possible. Besides giving the explanation of On November 20, the Karnataka government issued a notification allowing women to work night shifts (7 p.m. to 6 a.m.) in all factories registered under the Factories Act, 1948. In line with the Night Work Convention, 1990 of the International Labour Organization, these States amended the Factories Act to remove both sex-based discrimination in night work and restrictions on the fundamental right to practise any profession, occupation, trade, or business of one’s choice.Many concernsIn principle, this is a welcome move. The amendment suggests that night shifts for women will only be allowed if the employer ensures adequate safeguards concerning occupational safety and health, protection of dignity and honour, and transportation from the factory premises to points nearest to the worker’s residence. Yet, women workers fear that when there is no safety or dignity in the workplace even during daytime, how will employers ensure all this during night shifts?The Garment Labour Union, GLU says they were neither consulted on this matter nor given a circular for their perusal. They are puzzled that the night shift amendment does not address the issue of pay structure for night work. Against this background, they feel the new rules recommending monthly meetings with the representatives of the employer are farcical. Workers also express scepticism about strengthening the role of inspectors in factories, as past experience shows improperly conducted inspections or negligence towards grave violations. The reality is that workers face the threat of losing their jobs if they report such violations. Also, while the amendment has prioritised installation of CCTV cameras, workers point out that there is no guarantee of their operational status, or clarity on who handles the footage. The amendment has also failed to address child care, an important concern in a women dominated sector, especially when paid care is beyond their means. Other promises such as 12 consecutive hours of rest between the last shift and the night shift, separate canteens, and more rest rooms also appear unconvincing in a context where even rest room breaks are infrequent due to high production targets.Systemic failureIn a sector where there is systemic failure and worker management relations are turbulent, putting the onus of worker safety and security in the hands of the management alone can be risky. Moreover, it is well known that in supply chains the brands call the shots. Involving them in discussions on worker dignity and equality is important. Omitting workers and trade unions from discussions about the amendment is also seen by the workers as a shortsighted measure.Q.The notification is amended, and the Government make law providing for jail term for employers who do not follow the notification. In such a situation, according to the author:a)The new law would deliver on its promise of providing safety and security for women workforce.b)The new law would still fall short of safety and equal rights for women workforce.c)The new law would deliver on its promise, since it is necessary for the Government to have such law in principle though this law may not be viable.d)The new law would be a success, since the Government would not be able to implement it.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?, a detailed solution for On November 20, the Karnataka government issued a notification allowing women to work night shifts (7 p.m. to 6 a.m.) in all factories registered under the Factories Act, 1948. In line with the Night Work Convention, 1990 of the International Labour Organization, these States amended the Factories Act to remove both sex-based discrimination in night work and restrictions on the fundamental right to practise any profession, occupation, trade, or business of one’s choice.Many concernsIn principle, this is a welcome move. The amendment suggests that night shifts for women will only be allowed if the employer ensures adequate safeguards concerning occupational safety and health, protection of dignity and honour, and transportation from the factory premises to points nearest to the worker’s residence. Yet, women workers fear that when there is no safety or dignity in the workplace even during daytime, how will employers ensure all this during night shifts?The Garment Labour Union, GLU says they were neither consulted on this matter nor given a circular for their perusal. They are puzzled that the night shift amendment does not address the issue of pay structure for night work. Against this background, they feel the new rules recommending monthly meetings with the representatives of the employer are farcical. Workers also express scepticism about strengthening the role of inspectors in factories, as past experience shows improperly conducted inspections or negligence towards grave violations. The reality is that workers face the threat of losing their jobs if they report such violations. Also, while the amendment has prioritised installation of CCTV cameras, workers point out that there is no guarantee of their operational status, or clarity on who handles the footage. The amendment has also failed to address child care, an important concern in a women dominated sector, especially when paid care is beyond their means. Other promises such as 12 consecutive hours of rest between the last shift and the night shift, separate canteens, and more rest rooms also appear unconvincing in a context where even rest room breaks are infrequent due to high production targets.Systemic failureIn a sector where there is systemic failure and worker management relations are turbulent, putting the onus of worker safety and security in the hands of the management alone can be risky. Moreover, it is well known that in supply chains the brands call the shots. Involving them in discussions on worker dignity and equality is important. Omitting workers and trade unions from discussions about the amendment is also seen by the workers as a shortsighted measure.Q.The notification is amended, and the Government make law providing for jail term for employers who do not follow the notification. In such a situation, according to the author:a)The new law would deliver on its promise of providing safety and security for women workforce.b)The new law would still fall short of safety and equal rights for women workforce.c)The new law would deliver on its promise, since it is necessary for the Government to have such law in principle though this law may not be viable.d)The new law would be a success, since the Government would not be able to implement it.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? has been provided alongside types of On November 20, the Karnataka government issued a notification allowing women to work night shifts (7 p.m. to 6 a.m.) in all factories registered under the Factories Act, 1948. In line with the Night Work Convention, 1990 of the International Labour Organization, these States amended the Factories Act to remove both sex-based discrimination in night work and restrictions on the fundamental right to practise any profession, occupation, trade, or business of one’s choice.Many concernsIn principle, this is a welcome move. The amendment suggests that night shifts for women will only be allowed if the employer ensures adequate safeguards concerning occupational safety and health, protection of dignity and honour, and transportation from the factory premises to points nearest to the worker’s residence. Yet, women workers fear that when there is no safety or dignity in the workplace even during daytime, how will employers ensure all this during night shifts?The Garment Labour Union, GLU says they were neither consulted on this matter nor given a circular for their perusal. They are puzzled that the night shift amendment does not address the issue of pay structure for night work. Against this background, they feel the new rules recommending monthly meetings with the representatives of the employer are farcical. Workers also express scepticism about strengthening the role of inspectors in factories, as past experience shows improperly conducted inspections or negligence towards grave violations. The reality is that workers face the threat of losing their jobs if they report such violations. Also, while the amendment has prioritised installation of CCTV cameras, workers point out that there is no guarantee of their operational status, or clarity on who handles the footage. The amendment has also failed to address child care, an important concern in a women dominated sector, especially when paid care is beyond their means. Other promises such as 12 consecutive hours of rest between the last shift and the night shift, separate canteens, and more rest rooms also appear unconvincing in a context where even rest room breaks are infrequent due to high production targets.Systemic failureIn a sector where there is systemic failure and worker management relations are turbulent, putting the onus of worker safety and security in the hands of the management alone can be risky. Moreover, it is well known that in supply chains the brands call the shots. Involving them in discussions on worker dignity and equality is important. Omitting workers and trade unions from discussions about the amendment is also seen by the workers as a shortsighted measure.Q.The notification is amended, and the Government make law providing for jail term for employers who do not follow the notification. In such a situation, according to the author:a)The new law would deliver on its promise of providing safety and security for women workforce.b)The new law would still fall short of safety and equal rights for women workforce.c)The new law would deliver on its promise, since it is necessary for the Government to have such law in principle though this law may not be viable.d)The new law would be a success, since the Government would not be able to implement it.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? theory, EduRev gives you an ample number of questions to practice On November 20, the Karnataka government issued a notification allowing women to work night shifts (7 p.m. to 6 a.m.) in all factories registered under the Factories Act, 1948. In line with the Night Work Convention, 1990 of the International Labour Organization, these States amended the Factories Act to remove both sex-based discrimination in night work and restrictions on the fundamental right to practise any profession, occupation, trade, or business of one’s choice.Many concernsIn principle, this is a welcome move. The amendment suggests that night shifts for women will only be allowed if the employer ensures adequate safeguards concerning occupational safety and health, protection of dignity and honour, and transportation from the factory premises to points nearest to the worker’s residence. Yet, women workers fear that when there is no safety or dignity in the workplace even during daytime, how will employers ensure all this during night shifts?The Garment Labour Union, GLU says they were neither consulted on this matter nor given a circular for their perusal. They are puzzled that the night shift amendment does not address the issue of pay structure for night work. Against this background, they feel the new rules recommending monthly meetings with the representatives of the employer are farcical. Workers also express scepticism about strengthening the role of inspectors in factories, as past experience shows improperly conducted inspections or negligence towards grave violations. The reality is that workers face the threat of losing their jobs if they report such violations. Also, while the amendment has prioritised installation of CCTV cameras, workers point out that there is no guarantee of their operational status, or clarity on who handles the footage. The amendment has also failed to address child care, an important concern in a women dominated sector, especially when paid care is beyond their means. Other promises such as 12 consecutive hours of rest between the last shift and the night shift, separate canteens, and more rest rooms also appear unconvincing in a context where even rest room breaks are infrequent due to high production targets.Systemic failureIn a sector where there is systemic failure and worker management relations are turbulent, putting the onus of worker safety and security in the hands of the management alone can be risky. Moreover, it is well known that in supply chains the brands call the shots. Involving them in discussions on worker dignity and equality is important. Omitting workers and trade unions from discussions about the amendment is also seen by the workers as a shortsighted measure.Q.The notification is amended, and the Government make law providing for jail term for employers who do not follow the notification. In such a situation, according to the author:a)The new law would deliver on its promise of providing safety and security for women workforce.b)The new law would still fall short of safety and equal rights for women workforce.c)The new law would deliver on its promise, since it is necessary for the Government to have such law in principle though this law may not be viable.d)The new law would be a success, since the Government would not be able to implement it.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? tests, examples and also practice CLAT tests.