The state of hybridization of the central atom and the number of lone pairs over the central atom in POCl3 area)sp, 0b)sp2, 0c)sp3, 0d)dsp2, 1Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

Answer

Number of lone pairs on P atom = 0

Answer

The state of hybridization and the number of lone pairs over the central atom in POCl3

To determine the hybridization state of the central atom in POCl3 (phosphorus oxychloride), we need to consider the electron configuration and the number of regions of electron density around the central atom.

Electron configuration of phosphorus:
The atomic number of phosphorus is 15, meaning it has 15 electrons. The electron configuration of phosphorus is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3.

Drawing the Lewis structure of POCl3:
To determine the number of regions of electron density around the central atom, we can draw the Lewis structure of POCl3. The Lewis structure will show us the arrangement of atoms and lone pairs.

- Phosphorus (P) is the central atom, and it is bonded to one oxygen atom (O) and three chlorine atoms (Cl).
- Oxygen (O) is bonded to phosphorus with a double bond, and each chlorine (Cl) is bonded to phosphorus with a single bond.
- There are no lone pairs on the oxygen atom. Each chlorine atom has three lone pairs.

Number of regions of electron density:
To determine the hybridization state, we count the number of regions of electron density around the central atom. These regions can be either bonded atoms or lone pairs.

In POCl3:
- There are 4 regions of electron density around the central atom (1 oxygen atom and 3 chlorine atoms).

Hybridization state:
The number of regions of electron density determines the hybridization state of the central atom. Here are the general rules:

- 2 regions of electron density: sp hybridization
- 3 regions of electron density: sp2 hybridization
- 4 regions of electron density: sp3 hybridization
- 5 regions of electron density: sp3d hybridization
- 6 regions of electron density: sp3d2 hybridization

In POCl3, there are 4 regions of electron density, so the hybridization state of the central atom (phosphorus) is sp3.

Number of lone pairs:
To determine the number of lone pairs over the central atom, we need to subtract the number of bonded atoms from the total number of regions of electron density.

In POCl3:
- There are 4 regions of electron density (1 oxygen atom and 3 chlorine atoms).
- The central atom (phosphorus) is bonded to 4 atoms.
- Therefore, the number of lone pairs over the central atom is 4 - 4 = 0.

So, the correct answer is option C: sp3, 0.

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