1. Destruction of forest covers.
2. Ever growing demand of growing population..

Geographical Factors
- Latitude: India lies between the Tropic of Cancer and the equator, affecting its solar radiation and temperature.
- Altitude: The Himalayan range influences climate, creating a barrier to cold winds and affecting rainfall patterns.
- Topography: The varied terrain, including plains, mountains, and plateaus, leads to diverse climatic conditions across the country.
Monsoon Winds
- Southwest Monsoon: The primary source of rainfall, originating from the Indian Ocean, significantly impacts agriculture and water resources.
- Northeast Monsoon: Influences the southeastern coast, particularly during the winter months, contributing to regional climate variations.
Seasonal Variation
- Four Distinct Seasons: India experiences winter, summer, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons, each affecting temperature and precipitation patterns.
- Local Climatic Conditions: Variations such as extreme heat in summer and cooler temperatures in winter are observed in different regions.
Ocean Currents
- Indian Ocean Currents: The sea currents influence coastal climates, with warmer currents increasing humidity and precipitation along the western coast.
- Bay of Bengal: The warm waters contribute to cyclonic activities, affecting rainfall and storm patterns in eastern India.
Human Activities
- Urbanization: Rapid urban growth alters local climates through the urban heat island effect, leading to increased temperatures in cities.
- Deforestation: Loss of forest cover impacts humidity levels and local weather patterns, contributing to climate change.
Climate Change
- Global Warming: Rising temperatures due to greenhouse gas emissions affect monsoon patterns and increase the frequency of extreme weather events.
- Adaptation Strategies: India is focusing on sustainable practices to mitigate climate change impacts on agriculture and water resources.