**Characteristic Features of Management**

Management is the process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling resources to achieve organizational goals effectively and efficiently. It is an essential function in any organization, whether it is a small business or a large corporation. There are several characteristic features of management that distinguish it from other functions. Let's delve into detail on these features:

**1. Universal Application:**
Management is a universal process that is applicable to all types of organizations, including businesses, non-profit organizations, government agencies, and educational institutions. Regardless of the nature or size of the organization, management principles and practices can be applied to achieve the desired objectives.

**2. Goal-Oriented:**
The primary objective of management is to achieve the organizational goals and objectives. It involves setting clear and specific goals, formulating strategies and plans to accomplish them, and guiding employees towards their achievement. Management ensures that all activities are aligned with the organization's goals and contribute to its overall success.

**3. Continuous Process:**
Management is an ongoing and continuous process. It involves a series of interconnected functions that are performed in a systematic manner. The process starts with planning, followed by organizing, leading, and controlling, and then the cycle repeats itself. This continuous cycle ensures that the organization adapts to changing circumstances and remains effective.

**4. Multidisciplinary Approach:**
Management is a multidisciplinary field that draws concepts and techniques from various disciplines such as economics, sociology, psychology, statistics, and finance. It combines knowledge and skills from different areas to solve complex organizational problems and make informed decisions.

**5. People-Centric:**
Management revolves around people, both managers and employees. It involves understanding human behavior, motivating and leading individuals, and creating a positive work environment. Effective management involves empowering employees, fostering teamwork, and encouraging personal and professional growth.

**6. Decision-Making:**
Management is inherently a decision-making process. Managers are responsible for making informed decisions on a daily basis, ranging from strategic choices to operational matters. They gather information, analyze alternatives, evaluate risks, and choose the most suitable course of action to achieve desired outcomes.

**7. Dynamic and Flexible:**
Management is dynamic and flexible in nature. It adapts to changes in the internal and external environment of the organization. Managers need to be responsive to market trends, technological advancements, and evolving customer needs. They must be able to modify plans, strategies, and processes to ensure the organization's survival and growth.

**8. Hierarchical Structure:**
Management follows a hierarchical structure in most organizations. It involves various levels of management, including top-level executives, middle-level managers, and front-line supervisors. Each level has distinct responsibilities and authority, and they work together to achieve organizational goals.

**9. Ethical Responsibility:**
Management has an ethical responsibility towards stakeholders, including customers, employees, shareholders, and the community. It involves making decisions that are fair, transparent, and socially responsible. Ethical management practices enhance the organization's reputation, build trust, and contribute to long-term success.

**10. Measurement and Evaluation:**
Management emphasizes the importance of measurement and evaluation. It involves setting performance standards, monitoring progress, and assessing the outcomes. Managers use various tools and techniques, such as performance appraisals, financial reports, and quality control measures, to measure and evaluate performance and make necessary adjustments.

In conclusion, management has several characteristic features that distinguish it from other functions. It is universally applicable, goal-oriented

1. goal oriented 2.pervasive 3.group activity 4. intangible 5.futuristic