Reasons for Decline in Sex Ratio in India:

1. Female Infanticide:
- Killing of female infants within the first year of birth
- Considered a burden due to dowry system and patriarchal norms
- High prevalence in certain regions like Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan

2. Sex-selective Abortions:
- Abortions performed after knowing the sex of the fetus
- Easily available due to advances in technology like ultrasound
- Perceived as a way to avoid the birth of a girl child

3. Patriarchal Mindset:
- Preference for male child due to lineage, inheritance, and economic reasons
- Girls seen as a liability, as they leave their parental home after marriage
- Discrimination against girls in terms of education, healthcare, and nutrition

4. Dowry System:
- Expectation of a large sum of money and gifts from the bride's family at the time of marriage
- Seen as a burden by the family, leading to a preference for a male child
- Contributes to the subordination of women and gender-based violence

5. Poor Implementation of Laws:
- Laws like Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (PCPNDT) Act, 1994, aimed at regulating sex-selective abortions
- Lack of awareness and corruption leads to ineffective implementation of these laws
- Limited access to justice for victims of gender-based violence and discrimination

6. Economic Factors:
- Poverty and lack of economic opportunities lead to a preference for male child, who is perceived as an asset
- Families may resort to sex-selective abortions or female infanticide due to economic pressures

7. Social Norms:
- Traditional norms and expectations of society reinforce gender bias
- Women are expected to fulfill certain roles and responsibilities, leading to discrimination and inequality
- Lack of awareness and education perpetuates these norms and practices

Conclusion:
The decline in sex ratio in India is a complex issue, rooted in social, cultural, and economic factors. Addressing this issue requires a multi-pronged approach, involving education, awareness, and effective implementation of laws. It is imperative to challenge patriarchal mindsets and promote gender equality to ensure the well-being and empowerment of women in India.