Explanation:

Galloping in transmission line conductors refers to the oscillation or swaying motion of the conductors. This phenomenon can be attributed to various factors, but the most significant cause is the asymmetrical layers of ice formation on the conductors.

Asymmetrical Layers of Ice Formation:
When there is a build-up of ice on the conductors, it can lead to an imbalance in the weight distribution. The ice may accumulate more on one side of the conductor compared to the other, creating an asymmetrical load. This imbalance causes the conductor to tilt and results in galloping.

The asymmetrical ice formation can occur due to several reasons such as wind direction, temperature fluctuations, and moisture content. When the wind blows, it carries moisture that freezes on the conductors. Depending on the wind direction, one side of the conductor may experience more ice accumulation than the other. This uneven distribution of ice causes an imbalance in the conductor's weight, leading to galloping.

Other Factors:
While the primary cause of galloping is asymmetrical ice formation, there are other factors that can contribute to this phenomenon. These include:

- Vortex Phenomenon in Light Winds: In certain weather conditions, light winds can create vortex shedding around the conductors. This shedding produces alternating high and low-pressure zones, causing the conductors to oscillate.

- Heavy Weight of the Line Conductor Configurations: The weight of the conductor itself can contribute to galloping. Conductors with heavy configurations, such as those made of steel, are more susceptible to this phenomenon. The weight of the conductor can cause it to sway when subjected to external forces like wind.

- Adoption of Horizontal Conductor Configurations: Transmission lines that are designed with horizontal conductor configurations are more prone to galloping. This is because the horizontal orientation allows for the accumulation of ice on one side, leading to an asymmetrical load and subsequent galloping.

In conclusion, galloping in transmission line conductors primarily occurs due to the asymmetrical layers of ice formation on the conductors. While other factors like vortex phenomenon, heavy conductor weight, and horizontal configurations can also contribute, the asymmetrical ice load remains the key cause of galloping.