Convection vs. Radiation
Convection and radiation are two distinct modes of heat transfer. Understanding the differences between them is crucial in various scientific and engineering applications. Below are detailed explanations of each:

Convection:
- Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases).
- It occurs due to the movement of particles within the fluid. When a fluid is heated, it becomes less dense and rises, carrying heat energy with it. Conversely, cooler fluid sinks, creating a continuous cycle of heat transfer.
- Convection can be further categorized into natural convection (driven by density differences) and forced convection (aided by external forces like pumps or fans).
- Common examples of convection include boiling water, ocean currents, and wind.

Radiation:
- Radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves, without the need for a medium (such as air or water).
- All objects emit radiation in the form of infrared waves, with the amount depending on their temperature and emissivity.
- Unlike convection, radiation can occur in a vacuum and does not require direct contact between objects for heat transfer to take place.
- Radiation is responsible for the heat we receive from the sun and the warmth we feel near a hot object.
In summary, convection involves the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids, while radiation involves the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves. Both processes play vital roles in nature and technology, with each having its unique characteristics and applications.