The most unique aspect of planning during the Indus Valley civilization was the system of underground drainage. The main sewer, 1.5 meters deep and 91 cm across, connected to many north-south and east-west sewers. It was made from bricks smoothened and joined together seamlessly.

The Harappan Drainage System

The Harappan civilization, also known as the Indus Valley civilization, was one of the oldest urban civilizations in the world. It existed around 2500 BCE to 1900 BCE in what is now present-day India and Pakistan. One of the remarkable features of this ancient civilization was its advanced and sophisticated drainage system. The Harappan drainage system was well-planned and played a crucial role in maintaining the cleanliness and hygiene of the cities.

Importance of the Drainage System

The Harappan drainage system was essential for several reasons:

1. Prevention of Waterlogging: The cities of the Harappan civilization were situated near rivers, and heavy rainfall was common in the region. The well-designed drainage system prevented waterlogging and ensured that the cities did not get flooded during monsoons.

2. Maintenance of Hygiene: The drainage system helped in maintaining the cleanliness and hygiene of the cities. It prevented the accumulation of waste, sewage, and other pollutants, which could have led to the spread of diseases.

3. Protection of Buildings: The well-constructed drainage channels protected the buildings from water damage. By efficiently channeling rainwater away from the structures, the drainage system prevented erosion and structural weakening.

Design and Structure

The Harappan drainage system was a marvel of engineering, especially considering its time period. It consisted of several key elements:

1. Underground Drainage: The cities were equipped with an extensive network of underground drains made of baked bricks. These drains were covered with stone slabs or bricks to prevent blockages and allowed easy access for maintenance.

2. Street Drains: The streets of the Harappan cities were constructed with a gentle slope to facilitate the flow of water. Alongside the streets, there were well-constructed drains that collected rainwater and directed it towards the main underground drains.

3. Bathing Platforms: The drainage system also included bathing platforms, which were connected to the main drains. These platforms allowed people to bathe and wash clothes, with the wastewater flowing directly into the drains.

4. Waste Disposal: The Harappans had a well-organized waste disposal system. The drains were connected to soak pits or cesspits located outside the main city area, where solid waste would settle, and liquid waste would percolate into the ground.

Conclusion

The Harappan drainage system was a testament to the advanced engineering skills of the civilization. It played a vital role in maintaining the cleanliness and sanitation of the cities, preventing waterlogging, and protecting the buildings. The well-planned and efficient design of the drainage system demonstrates the high level of urban planning and sophistication achieved by the Harappan civilization.