When the yeast is matured from it a small structure comes from its lower part which is called bud

Bud

The small bulb-like projection coming out from a yeast cell is called a bud.

Budding is a form of asexual reproduction in which a new individual organism develops from an outgrowth or bud on the parent organism. Yeast, which is a type of fungus, reproduces through budding.

Here is a detailed explanation of why the correct answer is option 'B' - bud:

1. Budding as a form of asexual reproduction:
- Budding is a type of asexual reproduction where a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud on the parent organism.
- In the case of yeast cells, the bud is a small projection that grows out from the parent cell.
- As the bud grows, it eventually separates from the parent cell, becoming a new individual organism.

2. Characteristics of a yeast bud:
- The bud is a smaller structure that forms on the surface of the parent yeast cell.
- It appears as a small bulb-like projection, often attached to the parent cell by a narrow neck.
- The bud gradually increases in size as it develops, eventually separating from the parent cell to become an independent yeast organism.

3. Purpose of budding in yeast:
- Budding allows yeast to reproduce rapidly under favorable conditions.
- Each bud has the potential to develop into a new yeast cell, thereby increasing the population.
- This reproductive strategy enables yeast to colonize new areas quickly and efficiently.

4. Contrast with other options:
- Option 'A' - Pseudopodia: Pseudopodia are temporary extensions of the cell membrane and cytoplasm used for movement and capturing food. They are not related to yeast reproduction.
- Option 'C' - Fragment: Fragmentation is a form of asexual reproduction where the parent organism breaks into multiple fragments, each of which can grow into a new individual. Yeast does not reproduce by fragmentation.
- Option 'D' - False feet: False feet, or pseudopods, are temporary projections of the cell membrane used for movement in amoebas and other protists. They are not relevant to yeast cells.

In conclusion, the small bulb-like projection coming out from a yeast cell is called a bud. Budding is a form of asexual reproduction in yeast, where a new organism develops from the bud on the parent cell.