The concept of span of control was propounded by Graicunas.

The concept of span of control refers to the number of subordinates that a manager or supervisor can effectively manage. It determines the hierarchical structure and level of authority within an organization.

1. Definition of span of control:
Span of control can be defined as the number of employees that a manager can effectively supervise or control. It determines the extent to which a manager can directly interact with and manage subordinates.

2. Propounder of the concept:
The concept of span of control was propounded by a management theorist named Graicunas. He was a French engineer and management consultant who conducted extensive research on the relationship between the number of subordinates and the effectiveness of management. His research led him to develop the concept of span of control.

3. Importance of span of control:
The concept of span of control is important in determining the structure and efficiency of an organization. It helps in establishing the optimal number of subordinates that a manager can effectively supervise. A proper span of control ensures that managers have the necessary time, resources, and authority to manage their subordinates.

4. Factors affecting span of control:
Several factors can influence the span of control within an organization. These include:

- Complexity of tasks: If the tasks performed by subordinates are complex and require close supervision, the span of control may be narrow. On the other hand, if the tasks are routine and require less supervision, the span of control may be wider.
- Managerial skills: The skills and abilities of the manager also play a role in determining the span of control. A capable and experienced manager may be able to handle a larger number of subordinates effectively.
- Communication technology: Advances in communication technology, such as email, video conferencing, and project management tools, can increase the span of control by facilitating efficient communication and coordination.
- Organizational structure: The structure of the organization, such as centralized or decentralized, can also impact the span of control. In a centralized structure, where decision-making is concentrated at the top, the span of control may be narrower. In a decentralized structure, where decision-making is delegated, the span of control may be wider.

5. Optimal span of control:
Determining the optimal span of control is crucial for the effective functioning of an organization. A narrow span of control may result in a top-heavy organization with too many layers of management, leading to inefficiency and delay in decision-making. On the other hand, a wide span of control may lead to overwhelmed managers who are unable to provide adequate supervision and support to their subordinates. The optimal span of control varies depending on the specific context, tasks, and resources available.

Conclusion:
The concept of span of control, propounded by Graicunas, is an important aspect of organizational design and management. It helps in determining the number of subordinates that a manager can effectively supervise and influences the hierarchical structure and level of authority within an organization. By considering various factors and optimizing the span of control, organizations can ensure efficient communication, coordination, and decision-making.