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what are damped oscillations ?
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what are damped oscillations ?
Those oscillations which take place in a damped or viscous medium. Besides spring force damping force also act on the oscillating particle as a result amplitude of vibration is not constant but decreases exponentially with time
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what are damped oscillations ?
tul lagi balai . khuda kr soori theekh and we got good marks insallah
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Attempt All sub parts from each question.Damping: When an analog instrument is used to measure a physical parameter, a deflecting torque is applied to the moving system which is deflected from its initial position and should move steadily to the deflected position. But due to inertia, the moving system keeps on oscillating about equilibrium. To remove the oscillation of the moving system a damping torque is required. The damping torque should be of such that the pointer quickly comes to its final steady position, without overshooting. If the instrument is underdamped, the moving system will oscillate about the final steady position with a decreasing amplitude and will take some time before it comes to rest. When the moving system moves rapidly but smoothly to its final steady position, the instrument is said to be critically damped or deadbeat. If the damping torque is more than what is required for critical damping, the instrument is said to be overdamped. In an overdamped instrument, the moving system moves slowly to its final steady position in a lethargic fashion.Methods of producing damping torque:(i) Air friction damping(ii) Fluid friction damping(iii) Eddy current dampingAir Friction Damping: A light piston is attached to the moving system. This piston moves in an air chamber closed at one end. When there is an oscillation, the piston moves in and out of the chamber. When the piston moves into the chamber, the air inside is compressed and an air pressure is built up which opposes the motion of the piston and thus the moving system faces a damping torque which ultimately reduces the oscillation. Fluid Friction Damping: In this type of damping oil is used in place of air. Viscosity of the oil being greater, the damping torque is also more. A disc is attached to the moving system which is completely dipped into the oil. When the moving system oscillates, the disc moves in oil and a frictional drag is produced. This frictional drag opposes the oscillation. Eddy Current Damping: The moving system is connected to an aluminium disc which rotates in a magnetic field. Rotation in magnetic field induces an emf in it and if the path is closed, a current (known as eddy current) flows. This current interacts with the magnetic field to produce an electromagnetic torque which opposes the motion. This torque is proportional to the oscillation of the moving system. This electromagnetic torque ultimately reduces the oscillation. Air friction damping provides a very simple and cheap method of damping. The disadvantages of fluid friction damping are that it can be used only for instruments which are in vertical position. Eddy current damping is the most efficient form of damping.Q. When the moving system of a measuring instrument moves rapidly but smoothly to its final steady position, the instrument is said to be

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