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 In damped oscillations, the amplitude of oscillations is reduced to one-third of its initial value a0 at the end of 100 oscillations. When the oscillator completes 200 oscillations, its  amplitude must be:
  • a)
    a0 / 2
  • b)
    a0 / 6
  • c)
    a0 / 9
  • d)
    a0 / 4
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Most Upvoted Answer
In damped oscillations, the amplitude of oscillations is reduced to on...
Damped Oscillations and Amplitude Reduction

Damped oscillations refer to a type of oscillatory motion where the amplitude of the oscillations decreases over time due to the presence of damping forces. These forces can arise from friction, air resistance, or other types of resistance within the system.

The amplitude of damped oscillations can be characterized by a decay constant, which describes how quickly the amplitude decreases over time. The decay constant is related to the damping coefficient, which is a measure of the strength of the damping forces.

In this problem, we are given that the amplitude of oscillations is reduced to one-third of its initial value after 100 oscillations. This means that after 100 oscillations, the amplitude has decayed by a factor of 3. We can use this information to find the decay constant and damping coefficient of the system.

Calculating Amplitude After 200 Oscillations

To find the amplitude of oscillations after 200 oscillations, we can use the following formula:

A = A0 * e^(-bt)

where A is the amplitude at time t, A0 is the initial amplitude, b is the decay constant, and t is the time elapsed.

We can solve for the decay constant using the fact that the amplitude has decayed by a factor of 3 after 100 oscillations:

3A0 = A0 * e^(-100b)

Simplifying this equation, we get:

e^(100b) = 3

Taking the natural logarithm of both sides, we get:

100b = ln(3)

b = ln(3) / 100

Now we can use this value of b to find the amplitude after 200 oscillations:

A = A0 * e^(-bt)

A = A0 * e^(-(ln(3)/100) * 200)

A = A0 * e^(-2ln(3)/100)

A = A0 * e^(ln(9)/100)

A = A0 * (e^(ln(9)))^(1/100)

A = A0 * 9^(1/100)

A = A0 / 9

Therefore, the amplitude of the oscillations after 200 oscillations is one-ninth of the initial amplitude, or A0/9. The correct answer is option C.
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In damped oscillations, the amplitude of oscillations is reduced to on...
The answer is b
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Attempt All sub parts from each question.Damping: When an analog instrument is used to measure a physical parameter, a deflecting torque is applied to the moving system which is deflected from its initial position and should move steadily to the deflected position. But due to inertia, the moving system keeps on oscillating about equilibrium. To remove the oscillation of the moving system a damping torque is required. The damping torque should be of such that the pointer quickly comes to its final steady position, without overshooting. If the instrument is underdamped, the moving system will oscillate about the final steady position with a decreasing amplitude and will take some time before it comes to rest. When the moving system moves rapidly but smoothly to its final steady position, the instrument is said to be critically damped or deadbeat. If the damping torque is more than what is required for critical damping, the instrument is said to be overdamped. In an overdamped instrument, the moving system moves slowly to its final steady position in a lethargic fashion.Methods of producing damping torque:(i) Air friction damping(ii) Fluid friction damping(iii) Eddy current dampingAir Friction Damping: A light piston is attached to the moving system. This piston moves in an air chamber closed at one end. When there is an oscillation, the piston moves in and out of the chamber. When the piston moves into the chamber, the air inside is compressed and an air pressure is built up which opposes the motion of the piston and thus the moving system faces a damping torque which ultimately reduces the oscillation. Fluid Friction Damping: In this type of damping oil is used in place of air. Viscosity of the oil being greater, the damping torque is also more. A disc is attached to the moving system which is completely dipped into the oil. When the moving system oscillates, the disc moves in oil and a frictional drag is produced. This frictional drag opposes the oscillation. Eddy Current Damping: The moving system is connected to an aluminium disc which rotates in a magnetic field. Rotation in magnetic field induces an emf in it and if the path is closed, a current (known as eddy current) flows. This current interacts with the magnetic field to produce an electromagnetic torque which opposes the motion. This torque is proportional to the oscillation of the moving system. This electromagnetic torque ultimately reduces the oscillation. Air friction damping provides a very simple and cheap method of damping. The disadvantages of fluid friction damping are that it can be used only for instruments which are in vertical position. Eddy current damping is the most efficient form of damping.Q. In Fluid Friction Damping the amount of damping torque

Attempt All sub parts from each question.Damping: When an analog instrument is used to measure a physical parameter, a deflecting torque is applied to the moving system which is deflected from its initial position and should move steadily to the deflected position. But due to inertia, the moving system keeps on oscillating about equilibrium. To remove the oscillation of the moving system a damping torque is required. The damping torque should be of such that the pointer quickly comes to its final steady position, without overshooting. If the instrument is underdamped, the moving system will oscillate about the final steady position with a decreasing amplitude and will take some time before it comes to rest. When the moving system moves rapidly but smoothly to its final steady position, the instrument is said to be critically damped or deadbeat. If the damping torque is more than what is required for critical damping, the instrument is said to be overdamped. In an overdamped instrument, the moving system moves slowly to its final steady position in a lethargic fashion.Methods of producing damping torque:(i) Air friction damping(ii) Fluid friction damping(iii) Eddy current dampingAir Friction Damping: A light piston is attached to the moving system. This piston moves in an air chamber closed at one end. When there is an oscillation, the piston moves in and out of the chamber. When the piston moves into the chamber, the air inside is compressed and an air pressure is built up which opposes the motion of the piston and thus the moving system faces a damping torque which ultimately reduces the oscillation. Fluid Friction Damping: In this type of damping oil is used in place of air. Viscosity of the oil being greater, the damping torque is also more. A disc is attached to the moving system which is completely dipped into the oil. When the moving system oscillates, the disc moves in oil and a frictional drag is produced. This frictional drag opposes the oscillation. Eddy Current Damping: The moving system is connected to an aluminium disc which rotates in a magnetic field. Rotation in magnetic field induces an emf in it and if the path is closed, a current (known as eddy current) flows. This current interacts with the magnetic field to produce an electromagnetic torque which opposes the motion. This torque is proportional to the oscillation of the moving system. This electromagnetic torque ultimately reduces the oscillation. Air friction damping provides a very simple and cheap method of damping. The disadvantages of fluid friction damping are that it can be used only for instruments which are in vertical position. Eddy current damping is the most efficient form of damping.Q. The most efficient form of damping is

Attempt All sub parts from each question.Damping: When an analog instrument is used to measure a physical parameter, a deflecting torque is applied to the moving system which is deflected from its initial position and should move steadily to the deflected position. But due to inertia, the moving system keeps on oscillating about equilibrium. To remove the oscillation of the moving system a damping torque is required. The damping torque should be of such that the pointer quickly comes to its final steady position, without overshooting. If the instrument is underdamped, the moving system will oscillate about the final steady position with a decreasing amplitude and will take some time before it comes to rest. When the moving system moves rapidly but smoothly to its final steady position, the instrument is said to be critically damped or deadbeat. If the damping torque is more than what is required for critical damping, the instrument is said to be overdamped. In an overdamped instrument, the moving system moves slowly to its final steady position in a lethargic fashion.Methods of producing damping torque:(i) Air friction damping(ii) Fluid friction damping(iii) Eddy current dampingAir Friction Damping: A light piston is attached to the moving system. This piston moves in an air chamber closed at one end. When there is an oscillation, the piston moves in and out of the chamber. When the piston moves into the chamber, the air inside is compressed and an air pressure is built up which opposes the motion of the piston and thus the moving system faces a damping torque which ultimately reduces the oscillation. Fluid Friction Damping: In this type of damping oil is used in place of air. Viscosity of the oil being greater, the damping torque is also more. A disc is attached to the moving system which is completely dipped into the oil. When the moving system oscillates, the disc moves in oil and a frictional drag is produced. This frictional drag opposes the oscillation. Eddy Current Damping: The moving system is connected to an aluminium disc which rotates in a magnetic field. Rotation in magnetic field induces an emf in it and if the path is closed, a current (known as eddy current) flows. This current interacts with the magnetic field to produce an electromagnetic torque which opposes the motion. This torque is proportional to the oscillation of the moving system. This electromagnetic torque ultimately reduces the oscillation. Air friction damping provides a very simple and cheap method of damping. The disadvantages of fluid friction damping are that it can be used only for instruments which are in vertical position. Eddy current damping is the most efficient form of damping.Q. Damping is required to be provided to the moving part of measuring instrument

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In damped oscillations, the amplitude of oscillations is reduced to one-third of its initial value a0 at the end of 100 oscillations. When the oscillator completes 200 oscillations, its amplitude must be:a)a0 / 2b)a0 / 6c)a0 / 9d)a0 / 4Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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