Draft a report on Indus valley civilization. Points to include: 1. Ext...
Report on Indus Valley Civilization
Extent
The Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, was one of the earliest and largest urban civilizations of the ancient world. It covered an area of around 1.6 million square kilometers in present-day India and Pakistan.
Town Planning
The Indus Valley Civilization had well-planned cities that were divided into separate blocks. The cities had advanced drainage systems, public baths, and granaries. The streets were laid out in a grid pattern, and the houses were made of baked bricks.
Origin
The origins of the Indus Valley Civilization are still a matter of debate. However, it is believed to have started around 2600 BCE and lasted until around 1900 BCE. The civilization developed around the Indus River and its tributaries.
Agriculture
Agriculture was the backbone of the Indus Valley Civilization. The people of the civilization cultivated wheat, barley, peas, and cotton. They also domesticated animals such as cows, sheep, and goats.
Trade
The Indus Valley Civilization was known for its trade with other civilizations. The people of the civilization traded with Mesopotamia, Egypt, and other parts of the world. They traded in goods such as cotton, silk, spices, and precious stones.
Art and Craft
The Indus Valley Civilization was known for its art and craft. The people of the civilization made pottery, jewelry, and sculptures. They also had a script that is still not fully deciphered.
Religious Practices
The people of the Indus Valley Civilization had a complex religion. They worshipped several gods and goddesses and believed in life after death. They also had a great respect for animals, especially the bull.
Decline of Civilization
The Indus Valley Civilization declined around 1900 BCE. The reasons for the decline are still not fully understood. Some theories suggest that climate change, floods, and earthquakes may have played a role. Others suggest that invasion by the Aryans or internal conflicts may have caused the decline.