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Gasoline flows through a constriction in a horizontal pipe where the diameter is reduced from 20 cm to 10 cm. The pressure in the 20 cm pipe just upstream of constriction is 60 kPa. Considering no loss of energy in the flow passage, make calculations for the maximum discharge (in L/s) that can be passed through the constriction without the occurrence of cavitation. The barometer reads 76 cm of mercury and for gasoline vapour pressure is 56 kPa (abs) and density is 650 kg/m3.
Correct answer is 'Range: 145 to 147'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
Gasoline flows through a constriction in a horizontal pipe where the ...
Since nothing is mentioned about the pressure at inlet. We assume it is measured by a pressure gauge, in terms of gauge. For cavitation to be avoided, the minimum pressure can’t go below 56 kPa (abs). Applying continuity at inlet and outlet
Pi = 60 × 103 + Patm
= 60 × 103 + 13.6 × 103 × g × 0.76
= 161.39 kPa
P0 = 56 kPa
Substituting values
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Gasoline flows through a constriction in a horizontal pipe where the ...
Given:
- Diameter of the pipe upstream of the constriction (D1) = 20 cm = 0.2 m
- Diameter of the pipe at the constriction (D2) = 10 cm = 0.1 m
- Pressure upstream of the constriction (P1) = 60 kPa
- Barometer reading (Pb) = 76 cm of mercury
- Gasoline vapor pressure (Pv) = 56 kPa (abs)
- Density of gasoline (ρ) = 650 kg/m3

Calculations:
1. Convert the barometer reading from cm of mercury to kPa:
- 1 cm of mercury = 0.133 kPa
- Pb = 76 cm of mercury * 0.133 kPa/cm of mercury = 10.108 kPa

2. Calculate the absolute pressure at the upstream of the constriction (P1_abs):
- P1_abs = P1 + Pb = 60 kPa + 10.108 kPa = 70.108 kPa

3. Calculate the pressure difference across the constriction (ΔP):
- ΔP = P1_abs - Pv = 70.108 kPa - 56 kPa = 14.108 kPa

4. Calculate the velocity of flow at the constriction (V2):
- Use Bernoulli's equation: P1_abs + 0.5 * ρ * V1^2 = P2_abs + 0.5 * ρ * V2^2
- Since the elevation difference is negligible and there is no energy loss, the equation simplifies to: P1_abs = P2_abs + 0.5 * ρ * V2^2
- Rearranging the equation: V2 = sqrt((P1_abs - P2_abs) / (0.5 * ρ))
- V2 = sqrt((14.108 kPa) / (0.5 * 650 kg/m3)) = 0.043 m/s

5. Calculate the maximum discharge through the constriction (Q):
- Q = A2 * V2
- Area of the constriction (A2) = π * (D2/2)^2 = 3.14159 * (0.1/2)^2 = 0.007854 m2
- Q = 0.007854 m2 * 0.043 m/s = 0.000337 m3/s

6. Convert the maximum discharge to liters per second:
- 1 m3/s = 1000 L/s
- Maximum discharge = 0.000337 m3/s * 1000 L/s = 0.337 L/s

Answer:
The maximum discharge that can be passed through the constriction without the occurrence of cavitation is approximately 0.337 L/s.
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Gasoline flows through a constriction in a horizontal pipe where the diameter is reduced from 20 cm to 10 cm. The pressure in the 20 cm pipe just upstream of constriction is 60 kPa. Considering no loss of energy in the flow passage, make calculations for the maximum discharge (in L/s) that can be passed through the constriction without the occurrence of cavitation. The barometer reads 76 cm of mercury and for gasoline vapour pressure is 56 kPa (abs) and density is 650 kg/m3.Correct answer is 'Range: 145 to 147'. Can you explain this answer?
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Gasoline flows through a constriction in a horizontal pipe where the diameter is reduced from 20 cm to 10 cm. The pressure in the 20 cm pipe just upstream of constriction is 60 kPa. Considering no loss of energy in the flow passage, make calculations for the maximum discharge (in L/s) that can be passed through the constriction without the occurrence of cavitation. The barometer reads 76 cm of mercury and for gasoline vapour pressure is 56 kPa (abs) and density is 650 kg/m3.Correct answer is 'Range: 145 to 147'. Can you explain this answer? for Civil Engineering (CE) 2024 is part of Civil Engineering (CE) preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the Civil Engineering (CE) exam syllabus. Information about Gasoline flows through a constriction in a horizontal pipe where the diameter is reduced from 20 cm to 10 cm. The pressure in the 20 cm pipe just upstream of constriction is 60 kPa. Considering no loss of energy in the flow passage, make calculations for the maximum discharge (in L/s) that can be passed through the constriction without the occurrence of cavitation. The barometer reads 76 cm of mercury and for gasoline vapour pressure is 56 kPa (abs) and density is 650 kg/m3.Correct answer is 'Range: 145 to 147'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for Civil Engineering (CE) 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Gasoline flows through a constriction in a horizontal pipe where the diameter is reduced from 20 cm to 10 cm. The pressure in the 20 cm pipe just upstream of constriction is 60 kPa. Considering no loss of energy in the flow passage, make calculations for the maximum discharge (in L/s) that can be passed through the constriction without the occurrence of cavitation. The barometer reads 76 cm of mercury and for gasoline vapour pressure is 56 kPa (abs) and density is 650 kg/m3.Correct answer is 'Range: 145 to 147'. Can you explain this answer?.
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