The process of taking out minerals from rocks buried under the earth's surface is called mining. Minerals that lie at shallow depths are removed by removing the surface layer; this is known as open-cast mining. Deep bores, called shafts, have to be made to reach mineral deposits that lie at great depths.

Answer:

The process of taking out minerals from rocks buried under the surface of the earth is commonly known as mining. Mining is a crucial activity that involves extracting valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth's crust. It plays a significant role in various industries such as construction, manufacturing, and energy production.

Types of Mining:

1. Surface Mining: This type of mining is conducted when minerals are located near the surface of the earth. It involves the removal of overlying rock or soil to access the desired minerals. Surface mining methods include open-pit mining, quarrying, and strip mining.

2. Underground Mining: When minerals are located at a greater depth, underground mining is employed. This method involves creating tunnels or shafts to access the mineral deposits. Underground mining methods include drift mining, slope mining, and shaft mining.

The Process of Mining:

1. Exploration: Before mining can begin, extensive exploration is conducted to determine the presence and quantity of minerals in a particular area. This involves geological surveys, sampling, and analysis.

2. Site Preparation: Once a viable mineral deposit is identified, the site needs to be prepared for mining operations. This may involve clearing vegetation, building access roads, and establishing infrastructure.

3. Extraction: The actual mining process begins with the extraction of minerals from the earth. Depending on the type of mining, various techniques and machinery are used. Surface mining often involves the use of large equipment such as excavators, bulldozers, and trucks. Underground mining requires specialized equipment such as drills, loaders, and explosives.

4. Processing: After the minerals are extracted, they undergo further processing to remove impurities and obtain the desired product. This may involve crushing, grinding, smelting, or chemical processes.

5. Transportation and Distribution: Once the minerals are processed, they need to be transported to their respective destinations. This may involve the use of trucks, trains, ships, or pipelines. The minerals are then distributed to industries or markets where they are used for various purposes.

Conclusion:

Mining is a vital process that allows us to access valuable minerals for various industrial applications. It involves a series of steps, from exploration to extraction, processing, and distribution. Proper mining practices are essential to ensure the sustainable use of natural resources and minimize environmental impacts.

Mining is the correct answer