**Explanation:**

Petrochemicals are materials that are obtained from petroleum refining. Petroleum, also known as crude oil, is a naturally occurring liquid found beneath the Earth's surface. It is composed of hydrocarbon compounds, which are made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Petrochemicals are derived from petroleum through a process called refining. During this process, crude oil is heated and separated into various components based on their boiling points. These components include gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and other petroleum products.

**Materials Obtained from Petroleum Refining:**

1. **Plastics:** Petrochemicals are used to produce a wide range of plastics, including polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC, and polystyrene. These plastics are used in various applications such as packaging materials, automobile parts, electronic devices, and construction materials.

2. **Synthetic Fibers:** Petrochemicals are also used to produce synthetic fibers such as polyester, nylon, and acrylic. These fibers are used in the textile industry to make clothing, upholstery, carpets, and other fabrics.

3. **Rubber:** Petrochemicals are used in the production of synthetic rubber, which is used in the manufacturing of tires, belts, hoses, and other rubber products.

4. **Detergents and Surfactants:** Petrochemicals are used to produce detergents and surfactants, which are essential in cleaning products such as laundry detergents, dishwashing liquids, and household cleaners.

5. **Solvents:** Petrochemicals are used as solvents in various industries, including paints, adhesives, and pharmaceuticals.

6. **Chemical Intermediates:** Petrochemicals are used as intermediates in the production of other chemicals. These chemicals are further processed to produce a wide range of products such as fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.

**Conclusion:**

In conclusion, petrochemicals are materials obtained from petroleum refining. They are used in the production of plastics, synthetic fibers, rubber, detergents, solvents, and chemical intermediates. Petrochemicals play a vital role in various industries and are essential components of modern life.