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In this question below is given a statement followed by two courses of action. On the basis of the information given in the statement, you have to assume everything in the statement to be true then decide which of the suggested courses of actions is worth pursuing.
Statement: 
Paid news is one of the most disturbing phenomenon during elections campaigns and is a major sources of revenue for the media, both print and electronic.
Courses of Action: 
I. Paid news should be treated as electoral malpractice and a criminal offence.
II. The revenues of newspapers and news channels should be monitored closely around the polls to detect any wrongdoing.
  • a)
    If only I follows 
  • b)
    If only II follows 
  • c)
    If either I or II follows 
  • d)
    If neither I nor II follows 
  • e)
    If both I and II follows
Correct answer is option 'E'. Can you explain this answer?
Most Upvoted Answer
In this question below is given a statement followed by two courses of...
Since paid news, an unethical practice in itself, also has the potential to affect the outcome of the polls, it should be treated as an electoral malpractice, and should be criminalized. Further, any suspicious increase in revenue of the news channels around the polls might be the result of paid news. Thus, monitoring such revenues would also be desirable.
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The elements for formation of a contract as per Section 10 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 are applicable to an electronic contract as well, which is, in effect provided legal recognition by the provisions of Information Technology Act, 2000. In consequence both Consumer Protection and IT Act in concurrence grant legal recognition to the concept of e-contracts.Information Technology (Amendment Act), 2008 introduced Section 10A which afforded validity to contracts formed through electronic means. Section 10A states that “Where in a contract formation, the communication of proposals, the acceptance of proposals, the revocation of proposals and acceptances, as the case may be, are expressed in electronic form or by means of an electronic record, such contract shall not be deemed to be unenforceable solely on the ground that such electronic form or means was used for that purpose.”In practice it is difficult to ensure that the essentials of a valid contract are complied with. It is difficult to distinguish between a person competent to contract or otherwise when transacting online. This often results in minors, lunatics and other incompetent people entering into contracts. As held in the landmark case of Mohori Bibee v. Dharmodas Ghose, contracts with minors are void. Contracting with such a minor online would also result in the contract becoming void as no safeguards are provided online.Existence of the two forms of contracts i.e Click Wrap contracts and Shrink Wrap contracts makes protection of consumers a difficult task. Click-wrap contracts are those whereby a party after going through the terms and conditions provided in the website or program has to typically indicate his assent to the same, by way of clicking on an ""I Agree"" icon or decline the same by clicking ""I Disagree"". Shrink-wrap agreements have derived their name from the ""shrink-wrap"" packaging that generally contains the CD Rom of Softwares. The terms and conditions of accessing the particular software are printed on the shrink-wrap cover of the CD and the purchaser after going through the same tears the cover to access the CD Rom. Sometimes additional terms are also imposed in such licenses which appear on the screen only when the CD is loaded to the computer. The user always has the option of returning the software if the new terms are not to his liking for a full refund. These kinds of contracts are available all over the Internet and it is difficult to utilize the facilities that the internet offers without having entered into any of such contracts some time or the other. However, the disadvantage of the same is that the customers herein do not have the opportunity to negotiate the terms and conditions due to their impersonal nature.Q. Mr. B is shopping online and comes across a contract where in order to proceed to the payment window he has to press the “I accept” on an on-screen box and then click a “Submit” or similar button. What kind of a contract is Mr. B entering into?

The elements for formation of a contract as per Section 10 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 are applicable to an electronic contract as well, which is, in effect provided legal recognition by the provisions of Information Technology Act, 2000. In consequence both Consumer Protection and IT Act in concurrence grant legal recognition to the concept of e-contracts.Information Technology (Amendment Act), 2008 introduced Section 10A which afforded validity to contracts formed through electronic means. Section 10A states that “Where in a contract formation, the communication of proposals, the acceptance of proposals, the revocation of proposals and acceptances, as the case may be, are expressed in electronic form or by means of an electronic record, such contract shall not be deemed to be unenforceable solely on the ground that such electronic form or means was used for that purpose.”In practice it is difficult to ensure that the essentials of a valid contract are complied with. It is difficult to distinguish between a person competent to contract or otherwise when transacting online. This often results in minors, lunatics and other incompetent people entering into contracts. As held in the landmark case of Mohori Bibee v. Dharmodas Ghose, contracts with minors are void. Contracting with such a minor online would also result in the contract becoming void as no safeguards are provided online.Existence of the two forms of contracts i.e Click Wrap contracts and Shrink Wrap contracts makes protection of consumers a difficult task. Click-wrap contracts are those whereby a party after going through the terms and conditions provided in the website or program has to typically indicate his assent to the same, by way of clicking on an ""I Agree"" icon or decline the same by clicking ""I Disagree"". Shrink-wrap agreements have derived their name from the ""shrink-wrap"" packaging that generally contains the CD Rom of Softwares. The terms and conditions of accessing the particular software are printed on the shrink-wrap cover of the CD and the purchaser after going through the same tears the cover to access the CD Rom. Sometimes additional terms are also imposed in such licenses which appear on the screen only when the CD is loaded to the computer. The user always has the option of returning the software if the new terms are not to his liking for a full refund. These kinds of contracts are available all over the Internet and it is difficult to utilize the facilities that the internet offers without having entered into any of such contracts some time or the other. However, the disadvantage of the same is that the customers herein do not have the opportunity to negotiate the terms and conditions due to their impersonal nature.Q. E-contracts have received validation in recent times through which statutes as mentioned in the passage?

The elements for formation of a contract as per Section 10 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 are applicable to an electronic contract as well, which is, in effect provided legal recognition by the provisions of Information Technology Act, 2000. In consequence both Consumer Protection and IT Act in concurrence grant legal recognition to the concept of e-contracts.Information Technology (Amendment Act), 2008 introduced Section 10A which afforded validity to contracts formed through electronic means. Section 10A states that “Where in a contract formation, the communication of proposals, the acceptance of proposals, the revocation of proposals and acceptances, as the case may be, are expressed in electronic form or by means of an electronic record, such contract shall not be deemed to be unenforceable solely on the ground that such electronic form or means was used for that purpose.”In practice it is difficult to ensure that the essentials of a valid contract are complied with. It is difficult to distinguish between a person competent to contract or otherwise when transacting online. This often results in minors, lunatics and other incompetent people entering into contracts. As held in the landmark case of Mohori Bibee v. Dharmodas Ghose, contracts with minors are void. Contracting with such a minor online would also result in the contract becoming void as no safeguards are provided online.Existence of the two forms of contracts i.e Click Wrap contracts and Shrink Wrap contracts makes protection of consumers a difficult task. Click-wrap contracts are those whereby a party after going through the terms and conditions provided in the website or program has to typically indicate his assent to the same, by way of clicking on an ""I Agree"" icon or decline the same by clicking ""I Disagree"". Shrink-wrap agreements have derived their name from the ""shrink-wrap"" packaging that generally contains the CD Rom of Softwares. The terms and conditions of accessing the particular software are printed on the shrink-wrap cover of the CD and the purchaser after going through the same tears the cover to access the CD Rom. Sometimes additional terms are also imposed in such licenses which appear on the screen only when the CD is loaded to the computer. The user always has the option of returning the software if the new terms are not to his liking for a full refund. These kinds of contracts are available all over the Internet and it is difficult to utilize the facilities that the internet offers without having entered into any of such contracts some time or the other. However, the disadvantage of the same is that the customers herein do not have the opportunity to negotiate the terms and conditions due to their impersonal nature.Q. Mr. A is trying to buy groceries online. While purchasing a particular good, he witnessed on his screen an Icon where the user must tap on an “OK” and if not has to indicate rejection by tapping on “Cancel” or closing the window. What kind of a contract is Mr. A entering into?

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In this question below is given a statement followed by two courses of action. On the basis of the information given in the statement, you have to assume everything in the statement to be true then decide which of the suggested courses of actions is worth pursuing.Statement:Paid news is one of the most disturbing phenomenon during elections campaigns and is a major sources of revenue for the media, both print and electronic.Courses of Action:I. Paid news should be treated as electoral malpractice and a criminal offence.II. The revenues of newspapers and news channels should be monitored closely around the polls to detect any wrongdoing.a)If only I followsb)If only II followsc)If either I or II followsd)If neither I nor II followse)If both I and II followsCorrect answer is option 'E'. Can you explain this answer? for CLAT 2025 is part of CLAT preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the CLAT exam syllabus. Information about In this question below is given a statement followed by two courses of action. On the basis of the information given in the statement, you have to assume everything in the statement to be true then decide which of the suggested courses of actions is worth pursuing.Statement:Paid news is one of the most disturbing phenomenon during elections campaigns and is a major sources of revenue for the media, both print and electronic.Courses of Action:I. Paid news should be treated as electoral malpractice and a criminal offence.II. The revenues of newspapers and news channels should be monitored closely around the polls to detect any wrongdoing.a)If only I followsb)If only II followsc)If either I or II followsd)If neither I nor II followse)If both I and II followsCorrect answer is option 'E'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for CLAT 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for In this question below is given a statement followed by two courses of action. On the basis of the information given in the statement, you have to assume everything in the statement to be true then decide which of the suggested courses of actions is worth pursuing.Statement:Paid news is one of the most disturbing phenomenon during elections campaigns and is a major sources of revenue for the media, both print and electronic.Courses of Action:I. Paid news should be treated as electoral malpractice and a criminal offence.II. The revenues of newspapers and news channels should be monitored closely around the polls to detect any wrongdoing.a)If only I followsb)If only II followsc)If either I or II followsd)If neither I nor II followse)If both I and II followsCorrect answer is option 'E'. Can you explain this answer?.
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