Explanation:

The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) is a measure of poverty that takes into account multiple dimensions of deprivation. It was developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) as a complement to income-based measures of poverty.

The MPI considers three dimensions of poverty: health, education, and living standards. These dimensions are further divided into ten indicators, which capture various aspects of deprivation. The indicators are as follows:

1. Health: This dimension includes indicators related to nutrition, child mortality, and access to healthcare.
2. Education: This dimension includes indicators related to years of schooling and school attendance.
3. Living Standards: This dimension includes indicators related to access to water, sanitation, electricity, housing, and assets.

Economic Participation and Opportunity:
The dimension of "Economic Participation and Opportunity" is not included in the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI). This dimension focuses on aspects such as income, employment, and economic empowerment. While important in measuring overall poverty and inequality, this dimension is not directly considered in the MPI.

The MPI provides a more comprehensive view of poverty by considering multiple dimensions of deprivation. It allows policymakers to identify the specific areas where poverty is most prevalent and design targeted interventions to address these issues. By including dimensions beyond income, it helps to capture the multidimensional nature of poverty and provides a more nuanced understanding of poverty dynamics.

In summary, the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) considers three dimensions of poverty: health, education, and living standards. The dimension of economic participation and opportunity is not included in the MPI.