Structural unemploymt : when a person is unemployed because there is a lack of demand for workers as the firm are looking for specific worker who has the specific skills they are looking for.Frictional unemployment : The unemployment caused by the time it take workers to search for a job is called frictional unemployment.

Frictional Unemployment:

Frictional unemployment refers to the temporary unemployment that occurs when individuals are in the process of transitioning between jobs or entering the workforce for the first time. It is a natural part of the labor market dynamics and is often considered to be voluntary unemployment. Frictional unemployment can be caused by several factors, such as:

1. Job search: It takes time for individuals to find a job that suits their skills, qualifications, and preferences. During this search period, individuals are considered frictionally unemployed.

2. Resignation or layoff: People who voluntarily leave their jobs or are laid off may experience a period of frictional unemployment as they search for new employment opportunities.

3. Graduates and newcomers: Individuals who have recently graduated from educational institutions or those who are entering the labor market for the first time may face frictional unemployment as they seek suitable employment.

Key Points about Frictional Unemployment:

- Frictional unemployment is temporary and short-term in nature.
- It occurs due to transitions between jobs or individuals entering the labor market.
- It is considered to be voluntary unemployment.
- The time taken to search for a suitable job contributes to frictional unemployment.
- Graduates and newcomers to the labor market often experience frictional unemployment.

Structural Unemployment:

Structural unemployment, on the other hand, refers to a more long-term form of unemployment that arises due to fundamental changes in the structure of an economy. It occurs when there is a mismatch between the skills and qualifications of the available workforce and the requirements of the available jobs. Structural unemployment can be caused by various factors, including:

1. Technological advancements: The introduction of new technologies can render certain skills obsolete, leading to a surplus of workers in certain industries and a shortage of skills in others.

2. Industry shifts: Changes in the economy, such as the decline of certain industries or the growth of new industries, can result in structural unemployment. Workers in declining industries may find it difficult to transition to new sectors.

3. Lack of necessary skills: Structural unemployment may occur when there is a gap between the skills possessed by the workforce and the skills demanded by employers. This can be due to changes in the labor market or inadequate training and education.

Key Points about Structural Unemployment:

- Structural unemployment is a long-term phenomenon.
- It arises due to fundamental changes in the economy and labor market.
- Technological advancements and industry shifts can contribute to structural unemployment.
- A skills gap between the workforce and employers' requirements is a common cause of structural unemployment.

Conclusion:

In summary, frictional unemployment is a temporary and voluntary form of unemployment that occurs during job transitions or when individuals enter the labor market. On the other hand, structural unemployment is a more long-term phenomenon caused by fundamental changes in the economy, such as technological advancements or industry shifts. Understanding the differences between these two types of unemployment is crucial for policymakers and individuals seeking to address and mitigate the challenges associated with unemployment.