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A sample of water gives the following results on analysis: Co2=22ppm, HCO3 -=365 ppm, Ca2 , Mg2 =48 ppm. Calculate the amount of lime and soda that would be required to soften 10000 litres of water, if 139 ppm of FeSO4.7H2O is used as coagulant.?
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A sample of water gives the following results on analysis: Co2=22ppm, ...
Softening of Water using Lime and Soda
Given Data
- CO2 = 22 ppm
- HCO3- = 365 ppm
- Ca2+ and Mg2+ = 48 ppm
- Coagulant used = FeSO4.7H2O (139 ppm)
- Volume of water to be softened = 10,000 litres
Calculation of Lime and Soda Required
Step 1: Calculation of Total Hardness
Total Hardness (TH) = Ca2+ + Mg2+
TH = 48 + 48 = 96 ppm
Step 2: Calculation of Calcium Hardness
Calcium Hardness (CH) = TH - (CO2 + HCO3-)
CH = 96 - (22 + 365) = -291 ppm (negative value indicates absence of calcium hardness)
Step 3: Calculation of Lime Required
Lime required = (CH - Coagulant used) x Volume of water to be softened / 1000
Lime required = (-291 - 139) x 10,000 / 1000 = -4,300 kg (negative value indicates absence of lime requirement)
Step 4: Calculation of Sodium Carbonate Required
Sodium Carbonate (Soda) Required = HCO3- x Volume of water to be softened / 1000
Soda Required = 365 x 10,000 / 1000 = 3,650 kg
Explanation
- Water softening is the process of removing hardness-causing ions like calcium and magnesium from water.
- In this case, the water sample has calcium and magnesium ions, along with bicarbonate and carbon dioxide ions.
- Lime (calcium hydroxide) reacts with bicarbonate ions to form insoluble calcium carbonate, which precipitates out of the solution, thus removing the hardness-causing ions.
- Sodium carbonate (soda) reacts with non-carbonate hardness-causing ions like calcium and magnesium to form insoluble carbonates, which can be removed by filtration.
- The amount of lime and soda required for softening depends on the concentration of hardness-causing ions in the water sample.
- In this case, the water sample has a negative value of calcium hardness, indicating the absence of calcium ions in the water. Hence, no lime is required.
- The amount of soda required is calculated based on the concentration of bicarbonate ions in the water sample.
- The coagulant used is FeSO4.7H2O, which is added to the water to remove any suspended impurities before softening.
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A sample of water gives the following results on analysis: Co2=22ppm, ...
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A sample of water gives the following results on analysis: Co2=22ppm, HCO3 -=365 ppm, Ca2 , Mg2 =48 ppm. Calculate the amount of lime and soda that would be required to soften 10000 litres of water, if 139 ppm of FeSO4.7H2O is used as coagulant.?
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A sample of water gives the following results on analysis: Co2=22ppm, HCO3 -=365 ppm, Ca2 , Mg2 =48 ppm. Calculate the amount of lime and soda that would be required to soften 10000 litres of water, if 139 ppm of FeSO4.7H2O is used as coagulant.? for Chemistry 2024 is part of Chemistry preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the Chemistry exam syllabus. Information about A sample of water gives the following results on analysis: Co2=22ppm, HCO3 -=365 ppm, Ca2 , Mg2 =48 ppm. Calculate the amount of lime and soda that would be required to soften 10000 litres of water, if 139 ppm of FeSO4.7H2O is used as coagulant.? covers all topics & solutions for Chemistry 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for A sample of water gives the following results on analysis: Co2=22ppm, HCO3 -=365 ppm, Ca2 , Mg2 =48 ppm. Calculate the amount of lime and soda that would be required to soften 10000 litres of water, if 139 ppm of FeSO4.7H2O is used as coagulant.?.
A sample of water gives the following results on analysis: Co2=22ppm, HCO3 -=365 ppm, Ca2 , Mg2 =48 ppm. Calculate the amount of lime and soda that would be required to soften 10000 litres of water, if 139 ppm of FeSO4.7H2O is used as coagulant.? for Chemistry 2024 is part of Chemistry preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the Chemistry exam syllabus. Information about A sample of water gives the following results on analysis: Co2=22ppm, HCO3 -=365 ppm, Ca2 , Mg2 =48 ppm. Calculate the amount of lime and soda that would be required to soften 10000 litres of water, if 139 ppm of FeSO4.7H2O is used as coagulant.? covers all topics & solutions for Chemistry 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for A sample of water gives the following results on analysis: Co2=22ppm, HCO3 -=365 ppm, Ca2 , Mg2 =48 ppm. Calculate the amount of lime and soda that would be required to soften 10000 litres of water, if 139 ppm of FeSO4.7H2O is used as coagulant.?.
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