Archaeologist used different sources to reconstruct the past and these are :
I) Textual sources - such as biographies , autobiography , manuscripts , hagiographies , religious texts
ii) Inscriptions , pillars , stone inscriptions
iii) Historical Monuments , Religious Monuments and etc.
iv) Chronicles
v) ruins and remains
vi) discoveries
vii) coins and Farman
viii) pottery items , gives glimpses of trade
Conclusion - Thus it's really a very hard work to reconstruct the past as the archaeologist did not have
enough sources to know about the what was going in the past , that's why they come on conclusion from KNOWN TO UNKONWN .

THANK YOU

Archaeologists attempt to reconstruct the past by studying material remains left by past societies. These material remains could be artifacts, buildings, or even human remains. Archaeologists use various methods to analyze the material remains and reconstruct the past.


Archaeologists usually start by excavating a site where they suspect that there are material remains of past societies. They use a variety of tools to carefully remove layers of soil and uncover artifacts and structures.


Once artifacts are uncovered, archaeologists analyze them to find out more about the past society that created them. They use various methods to date the artifacts and determine what they were used for. For example, if they find pottery, they can analyze the composition of the clay and the style of the pottery to determine when it was made and what it was used for.


Archaeologists also analyze the context in which artifacts were found. For example, they examine the layers of soil that surround the artifacts to determine the age of the artifact and how it was used. They also look at the location of the artifact within the site to determine the function of different areas within the site.


Archaeologists also compare the artifacts they find to artifacts from other sites and other time periods. This allows them to determine how the society that created the artifacts fits into the larger picture of human history.


Finally, archaeologists use all of this information to try to reconstruct the past society that created the artifacts. They use their knowledge of history, culture, and human behavior to interpret the material remains and create a picture of what life was like in the past.


Archaeologists use a combination of excavation, artifact analysis, contextual analysis, comparative analysis, and interpretation to reconstruct the past. By carefully examining material remains and using their knowledge of history and human behavior, archaeologists are able to create a detailed picture of past societies.