Basic Features of Democracy:

Democracy is a form of government in which the power is vested in the people who exercise it directly or through elected representatives. The basic features of a democracy include:

1. Popular Sovereignty:
In a democratic system, the ultimate power lies with the people. They have the right to elect their representatives and participate in decision-making processes. The government is accountable to the people, and their voices and choices shape the policies and actions of the state.

2. Rule of Law:
Democracy upholds the principle of rule of law, where no individual, including the government, is above the law. The laws are established to protect the rights and freedoms of citizens, and everyone is equal before the law. This ensures justice, fairness, and prevents the abuse of power.

3. Political Equality:
Democracy promotes political equality, where every citizen has equal rights and opportunities to participate in the political process. Regardless of social status, gender, ethnicity, or religion, everyone has the right to vote, express their opinions, and stand for public office. This ensures inclusivity and representation of diverse perspectives.

4. Protection of Fundamental Rights:
One of the fundamental features of democracy is the protection of individual rights and freedoms. These include freedom of speech, expression, assembly, religion, and the right to a fair trial. Citizens are entitled to these rights, and the government is responsible for safeguarding them.

5. Free and Fair Elections:
Elections are a crucial aspect of democracy. They provide a mechanism for the people to choose their representatives and hold them accountable. Elections must be free and fair, allowing all eligible citizens to vote without coercion or manipulation. The electoral process should be transparent, impartial, and ensure the secrecy of the ballot.

6. Separation of Powers:
Democracy is characterized by the separation of powers among the three branches of government – legislative, executive, and judiciary. This division of powers prevents concentration of power and ensures a system of checks and balances. Each branch has its own functions and responsibilities, preventing any one branch from becoming dominant.

7. Pluralism and Tolerance:
Democracy encourages pluralism, which means recognizing and respecting diverse opinions, beliefs, and interests. It promotes a culture of tolerance, where different groups can coexist peacefully and engage in constructive dialogue. This fosters social cohesion and strengthens democratic values.

8. Independent Media:
An independent media plays a vital role in a democracy by providing accurate information, investigating government actions, and holding public officials accountable. Freedom of the press is essential for citizens to make informed decisions and participate in the democratic process.

In conclusion, democracy is characterized by the principles of popular sovereignty, rule of law, political equality, protection of fundamental rights, free and fair elections, separation of powers, pluralism, and an independent media. These features ensure the active participation of citizens, protect their rights, and promote a system of governance that is accountable and responsive to the needs and aspirations of the people.