The time taken to switch between user and kernel modes of execution be...
Process switches or Context switches can occur in only kernel mode . So for process switches first we have to move from user to kernel mode . Then we have to save the PCB of the process from which we are taking off CPU and then we have to load PCB of the required process . At switching from kernel to user mode is done. But switching from user to kernel mode is a very fast operation(OS has to just change single bit at hardware level) Thus T1< T2
The time taken to switch between user and kernel modes of execution be...
Explanation:
Difference in time taken between user and kernel modes (t1) and two processes (t2):
- When a switch occurs between user and kernel modes of execution, it involves a change in privilege levels and requires the processor to switch from user mode to kernel mode or vice versa. This switch typically involves saving and restoring the current state of the process. This process incurs a certain overhead, denoted by t1.
- On the other hand, when a switch occurs between two processes, it involves switching the entire context of one process with another, including saving and restoring registers, program counters, and other relevant information. This switch between processes incurs a higher overhead compared to switching between user and kernel modes, denoted by t2.
Relationship between t1 and t2:
- As explained above, the overhead involved in switching between two processes (t2) is generally higher than the overhead involved in switching between user and kernel modes (t1). This is because switching between processes requires more context switching and data transfer.
- Therefore, it can be concluded that t1 < t2,="" indicating="" that="" the="" time="" taken="" to="" switch="" between="" user="" and="" kernel="" modes="" is="" typically="" less="" than="" the="" time="" taken="" to="" switch="" between="" two="" />
Therefore, the correct answer is option C) t1 < />.