The correct answer is option 'B' - Carbohydrates.

Carbohydrates are the main source of energy for our body. They are found in foods such as grains, fruits, vegetables, and dairy products. Carbohydrates are made up of sugar molecules that our body breaks down into glucose, which is used by our cells for energy. Here is a detailed explanation of why carbohydrates are required in the highest amount compared to other food components:

1. Energy Source:
Carbohydrates provide the body with the energy it needs to perform various activities. When we consume carbohydrates, our body breaks them down during digestion and converts them into glucose. Glucose is then transported through the bloodstream to the cells, where it is used as fuel to carry out essential functions like physical activity, breathing, and maintaining body temperature.

2. Macronutrient:
Carbohydrates are one of the three macronutrients, along with proteins and fats, that our body requires in large quantities for optimal functioning. While proteins and fats also provide energy, carbohydrates are the primary energy source because they are more easily and quickly metabolized by the body.

3. Brain Function:
The brain relies heavily on glucose as its main source of fuel. It requires a constant supply of glucose to function properly. When glucose levels are low, it can lead to fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and impaired cognitive function. Therefore, consuming an adequate amount of carbohydrates ensures that the brain receives the necessary fuel for optimal performance.

4. Dietary Fiber:
Carbohydrates also include dietary fiber, which is essential for maintaining a healthy digestive system. Fiber adds bulk to the diet, promotes regular bowel movements, and helps prevent constipation. It also aids in weight management by providing a feeling of fullness and reducing overeating.

5. Nutrient Source:
While carbohydrates are primarily known for their energy-providing function, they also serve as a source of essential nutrients. Foods rich in carbohydrates, such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, are packed with vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that are vital for overall health and well-being.

In conclusion, carbohydrates are required in the highest amount compared to proteins, minerals, and fats because they are the primary source of energy for our body, essential for brain function, provide dietary fiber, and serve as a source of important nutrients.