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Direction: Choose the best option to fill in the blanks.
Hume is not content with reducing the ________ of a causal connection to the experience of frequent conjunction. He proceeds to argue that such an experience does not ________ the expectation of similar conjunctions in the future.
  • a)
    Instance, rationalise
  • b)
    Evidence, justify
  • c)
    Boundaries, preclude
  • d)
    Validity, extend
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
Direction: Choose the best option to fill in the blanks.Hume is not c...
Option (B) gives sense to the sentence as it is the 'evidence' or proof of a causal connection that is linked to experience. Also, 'justify' indicates the strictness of Hume's evidence which does not rely on an experience to validate future expectations.
Correct sentence: Hume is not content with reducing the evidence of a causal connection to the experience of frequent conjunction. He proceeds to argue that such an experience does not justify the expectation of similar conjunctions in the future.
Hence, the correct option is (B).
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Directions: Analyse the following passage and provide appropriate answers "Whatever actions are done by an individual in different embodiments, [s]he reaps the fruit of those actions in those very bodies or embodiments (in future existences)".A belief in karma entails, among other things, a focus on long run consequences, i.e., a long term orientation. Such an orientation implies that people who believe in karma may be more honest with themselves in general and in setting expectations in particular-a hypothesis we examine here. This research is based on three simple premises. First, because lower expectations often lead to greater satisfaction, individuals in general, and especially those who are sensitive to the gap between performance and expectations, have the incentive to and actually do “strategically” lower their expectations. Second, individuals with a long term orientation are likely to be less inclined to lower expectations in the hope of temporarily feeling better. Third, long term orientation and the tendency to lower expectations are at least partially driven by cultural factors. In India, belief in karma, with its emphasis on a longer term orientation, will therefore to some extent counter-act the tendency to lower expectations. The empirical results support our logic; those who believe more strongly in karma are less influenced by disconfirmation sensitivity and therefore have higher expectations.Consumers make choices based on expectations of how alternative options will perform (i.e., expected utility). Expectations about the quality of a product also play a central role in subsequent satisfaction. These expectations may be based on a number of factors including the quality of a typical brand in a category, advertised quality, and disconfirmation sensitivity. Recent evidence suggests that consumers, who are more disconfirmation sensitive (i.e.,consumers who are more satisfied when products perform better than expected or more dissatisfied when products perform worse than expecte d) have lower expectations. However, there is little research concerning the role of culture-specific variables in expectation formation, particularly how they relate to the impact of disconfirmation Sensitivity on consumerQ. Which of the following statements, if true, would contradict the first of the three premises mentioned in the first paragraph?

Directions for Questions Analyse the following passage and provide appropriate answers "Whatever actions are done by an individual in different embodiments, [s]he reaps the fruit of those actions in those very bodies or embodiments (in future existences)". A belief in karma entails, among other things, a focus on long run consequences, i.e., a long term orientation. Such an orientation implies that people who believe in karma may be more honest with themselves in general and in setting expectations in particular-a hypothesis we examine here. This research is based on three simple premises. First, because lower expectations often lead to greater satisfaction, individuals in general, and especially those who are sensitive to the gap between performance and expectations, have the incentive to and actually do strategically lower their expectations. Second, individuals with a long term orientation are likely to be less inclined to lower expectations in the hope of temporarily feeling better. Third, long term orientation and the tendency to lower expectations are at least partially driven by cultural factors. In India, belief in karma, with its emphasis on a longer term orientation, will therefore to some extent counteract the tendency to lower expectations. The empirical results support our logic; those who believe more strongly in karma are less influenced by disconfirmation sensitivity and therefore have higher expectations. Consumers make choices based on expectations of how alternative options will perform (i.e., expected utility). Expectations about the quality of a product also play a central role in subsequent satisfaction. These expectations may be based on a number of factors including the quality of a typical brand in a category, advertised quality, and disconfirmation sensitivity. Recent evidence suggests that consumers, who are more disconfirmation sensitive (i.e.,consumers who are more satisfied when products perform better than expected or more dissatisfied when products perform worse than expecte d) have lower expectations. However, there is little research concerning the role of culture specific variables in expectation formation, particularly how they relate to the impact of disconfirmation Sensitivity on consumers. Which of the following statements, if true, would contradict the first of the three premises mentioned in the first paragraph?

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Question: Analyse the following passage and provide an appropriate answer for the questions that follow.Formation of focal brand expectations is a well-accepted part of the pre-purchase choice process. However, whether these same expectations are the standard for post-choice performance evaluation has been questioned. There is very little theoretical justification for consumers using focal brand expectations to judge performance after purchase. Customer satisfaction/dissatisfaction is more likely to be determined by how well a consumer perceives that focal brand performance fulfils needs, wants, or desires.Importantly, there is no necessary relationship between prepurchase focal brand expectations and the performance required to meet those wants. Thus, consumers are very likely to use other kinds of performance standards in the post-purchase evaluation. Consumers are likely to rely on standards that reflect the performance a consumer believes a focal brand should provide to meet needs/wants. To distinguish these standards from the usual expectations concept, we call them "experience-based norms." These norms have two important characteristics: (1) they reflect desired performance in meeting needs/wants and (2) they are constrained by the performance consumers believe is possible as indicated by the performance of known brands. The second characteristic requires elaboration. Though consumers may imagine some abstract ideal performance that a brand should provide, they also have concrete experiences with various real brands and their performance. Because consumers are more likely to think in concrete rather than abstract terms, experience with real brands should set limits on the performance a consumer believes the focal brand should provide. Consumers may derive a norm from experience with known brands in at least two different ways. First, the norm might be the typical performance of a particular brand - e.g., a consumer's most preferred brand, a popular brand, or last-purchased brand.Importantly, this brand may not be the focal brand. For example, when evaluating the dining experience in a new restaurant, a consumer may apply a norm that is the typical performance of another, favourite restaurant. Interestingly, focal brand expectations may correspond to this norm, but only if the focal brand is also the brand from which the standard is derived, such as when a consumer dines in his or her favourite restaurant. In all other cases, the norm is necessarily different from expectations because the norm is derived from experience with a different brand. A second possibility is that the norm might be an average performance a consumer believes is typical of a group of similar brands — a product-based norm. This kind of norm may be reasonable when no one brand stands out in the consumer's mind and the consumer has experience with many brands. In general, the experience-based norms concept is significant because it suggests that past research may have attached unwarranted importance to focal brand expectations as the standard of performance influencing feelings of satisfaction.Given below are statements that attempt to capture the central idea of this passage:1. Satisfaction pertains to performance and not to expectations.2. In-order to perform well, a focal brand should fulfil consumer needs rather than match their expectations.3. Brand performance standards are determined by consumer experiences of products.Which of the following statement(s) best captures the central idea.

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Direction: Choose the best option to fill in the blanks.Hume is not content with reducing the ________ of a causal connection to the experience of frequent conjunction. He proceeds to argue that such an experience does not ________ the expectation of similar conjunctions in the future.a)Instance, rationaliseb)Evidence, justifyc)Boundaries, precluded)Validity, extendCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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Direction: Choose the best option to fill in the blanks.Hume is not content with reducing the ________ of a causal connection to the experience of frequent conjunction. He proceeds to argue that such an experience does not ________ the expectation of similar conjunctions in the future.a)Instance, rationaliseb)Evidence, justifyc)Boundaries, precluded)Validity, extendCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? for CAT 2024 is part of CAT preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the CAT exam syllabus. Information about Direction: Choose the best option to fill in the blanks.Hume is not content with reducing the ________ of a causal connection to the experience of frequent conjunction. He proceeds to argue that such an experience does not ________ the expectation of similar conjunctions in the future.a)Instance, rationaliseb)Evidence, justifyc)Boundaries, precluded)Validity, extendCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for CAT 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Direction: Choose the best option to fill in the blanks.Hume is not content with reducing the ________ of a causal connection to the experience of frequent conjunction. He proceeds to argue that such an experience does not ________ the expectation of similar conjunctions in the future.a)Instance, rationaliseb)Evidence, justifyc)Boundaries, precluded)Validity, extendCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?.
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