Rigid Pavement Failure

Rigid pavement is a type of pavement that is made of concrete or reinforced concrete slabs. It is used for heavy traffic areas such as airports, highways, and industrial areas. However, like any other pavement, it can also fail. Here are some common types of rigid pavement failures:

1. Mud Pumping: Mud pumping is a type of failure that occurs when water seeps into the pavement and pushes the soil underneath it. This causes the pavement to sink and create a depression. When vehicles drive over the depression, the water is forced out, creating a mud-like substance on the surface.

2. Wrapping Cracks: Wrapping cracks occur when the concrete slabs expand and contract due to temperature changes. This causes the slabs to crack at the joints, which can lead to the slabs shifting and moving.

3. Shrinkage Crack: Shrinkage cracks occur when the concrete slabs dry and shrink. This can cause the slabs to crack, which can lead to the slabs shifting and moving.

4. Frost Heaving: Frost heaving occurs when water in the pavement freezes and expands. This can cause the pavement to lift and crack.

Answer:

The correct answer is option B, which is Frost Heaving. Frost heaving is not a rigid pavement failure but a flexible pavement failure. Flexible pavement is a type of pavement that is made of asphalt or bitumen. It is used for low to medium traffic areas such as residential streets and parking lots. Frost heaving is a common problem in cold climates where the ground freezes and thaws repeatedly.