Shivaji’s Council of Ministers and the Prime Minister (Peshwa)

Shivaji Maharaj, the founder of the Maratha Empire, had a well-organized administrative system in his kingdom. His Council of Ministers played a crucial role in the governance of the empire. The Prime Minister, known as the Peshwa, held a prominent position in Shivaji's administration.

1. Peshwa - The Prime Minister
The correct answer to the question is option 'A' - Peshwa. The Peshwa was the highest-ranking minister and the chief advisor to the king. This position was established during the reign of Shivaji and was continued by his successors in the Maratha Empire.

2. Roles and Responsibilities
The Peshwa had various responsibilities within the administration. Some of the key roles of the Peshwa included:

- Chief Advisor: The Peshwa acted as the chief advisor to the king, providing guidance on political, administrative, and military matters.
- Administration: The Peshwa supervised the overall administration of the empire, ensuring the smooth functioning of the government.
- Diplomacy: The Peshwa represented the king in diplomatic relations with other kingdoms and empires. They negotiated treaties, alliances, and resolved disputes.
- Military Affairs: The Peshwa played a vital role in military planning and strategy. They worked closely with the king and other military commanders to ensure the defense and expansion of the empire.
- Revenue Management: The Peshwa oversaw the collection of taxes, revenue administration, and financial management of the kingdom.
- Judicial Authority: The Peshwa had the power to settle disputes and administer justice. They presided over the court of the king and resolved legal matters.

3. Successors of the Peshwa
After Shivaji's death, the position of the Peshwa continued to hold significance in the Maratha Empire. The Peshwas became hereditary prime ministers, and their dynasty, known as the Peshwas, rose to power. They played a vital role in the administration and expansion of the Maratha Empire, especially during the reign of the Peshwa Bajirao I.

Conclusion
In Shivaji's Council of Ministers, the Prime Minister was called the Peshwa. This position held great authority and was responsible for advising the king, managing the administration, overseeing military affairs, diplomacy, revenue management, and judicial matters. The Peshwa was a key figure in the governance of the Maratha Empire and played a crucial role in its success and expansion.