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The loss of head due to sudden enlargement is attributed to
- a)Viscosity of fluid
- b)Generation of heat
- c)Roughness of pipe
- d)Production and dissipation of turbulent energy
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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Explanation:
Loss of head is a common phenomenon encountered in fluid flow. It is the reduction of pressure in a fluid due to the flow of fluid through a pipe or conduit. One of the causes of loss of head is sudden enlargement of the pipe. This is due to the production and dissipation of turbulent energy.
Production of Turbulent Energy:
When a fluid flows through a pipe, a layer of fluid in contact with the pipe wall comes to rest due to viscosity. This layer of fluid is called the boundary layer. As the fluid flows, the fluid particles in this layer are dragged by the flow and are set into motion. This causes the production of turbulent energy.
Dissipation of Turbulent Energy:
When the fluid encounters an enlargement in the pipe, the velocity of the fluid decreases suddenly. The fluid particles in the boundary layer are slowed down by the pipe walls. However, the fluid particles in the core of the flow continue to flow at high velocity. This causes the fluid particles to mix and create eddies, which dissipate the turbulent energy.
Conclusion:
Therefore, the loss of head due to sudden enlargement is attributed to the production and dissipation of turbulent energy. The roughness of the pipe and the viscosity of the fluid also contribute to the loss of head, but they are not the primary causes in this case.
Loss of head is a common phenomenon encountered in fluid flow. It is the reduction of pressure in a fluid due to the flow of fluid through a pipe or conduit. One of the causes of loss of head is sudden enlargement of the pipe. This is due to the production and dissipation of turbulent energy.
Production of Turbulent Energy:
When a fluid flows through a pipe, a layer of fluid in contact with the pipe wall comes to rest due to viscosity. This layer of fluid is called the boundary layer. As the fluid flows, the fluid particles in this layer are dragged by the flow and are set into motion. This causes the production of turbulent energy.
Dissipation of Turbulent Energy:
When the fluid encounters an enlargement in the pipe, the velocity of the fluid decreases suddenly. The fluid particles in the boundary layer are slowed down by the pipe walls. However, the fluid particles in the core of the flow continue to flow at high velocity. This causes the fluid particles to mix and create eddies, which dissipate the turbulent energy.
Conclusion:
Therefore, the loss of head due to sudden enlargement is attributed to the production and dissipation of turbulent energy. The roughness of the pipe and the viscosity of the fluid also contribute to the loss of head, but they are not the primary causes in this case.
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The loss of head due to sudden enlargement is attributed toa)Viscosity of fluidb)Generation of heatc)Roughness of piped)Production and dissipation of turbulent energyCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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