Hygiene/Maintenance factors according to Herzberg

Hygiene/Maintenance factors are the factors that do not motivate employees, but their absence can lead to dissatisfaction and demotivation. These factors are essential to maintain a baseline level of employee satisfaction and should be met to avoid dissatisfaction.

Examples of hygiene/maintenance factors are:

- Salary and benefits
- Job security
- Working conditions
- Company policies and procedures
- Relationships with co-workers and supervisors
- Status and job title

Explanation of Options

a) Sense of achievement - Sense of achievement is considered a motivator factor according to Herzberg's two-factor theory. It is related to the work itself and the feeling of accomplishment and growth that comes from completing tasks successfully.

b) Recognition - Recognition is also a motivator factor according to Herzberg's two-factor theory. It refers to the acknowledgment and appreciation employees receive for their work, which can boost their morale and motivation.

c) Personal growth and advancement - Personal growth and advancement are also motivator factors according to Herzberg's two-factor theory. They relate to opportunities for learning, development, and career advancement, which can enhance employees' sense of achievement and satisfaction.

d) None of the above - The correct answer is option 'D' because all the options listed are motivator factors, and Herzberg's two-factor theory considers hygiene/maintenance factors as separate from motivator factors.

Conclusion

Herzberg's two-factor theory suggests that hygiene/maintenance factors are essential to maintain a baseline level of employee satisfaction, but they do not motivate employees. On the other hand, motivator factors, such as sense of achievement, recognition, and personal growth and advancement, are essential to enhance employee motivation and job satisfaction.

Sense of achievement, recognition, personal growth and advancement
none of them is a factor of hygiene cause
Herzberg referred factors of hygiene as "KITA" which is acronym for "kick int he ass" which point towards the process of providing threat of punishment to make someone do something