Introduction

Breathing is a vital process that is necessary for the survival of human beings. The mechanism of breathing involves the exchange of gases, specifically, oxygen and carbon dioxide. In this process, oxygen is taken in by the body and carbon dioxide is expelled out.

Process of Breathing

Breathing involves two processes: inspiration and expiration.

Inspiration

During inspiration, the diaphragm (a muscle located at the base of the lungs) contracts and moves downwards, while the intercostal muscles (muscles located between the ribs) contract and move the ribcage upwards and outwards. This increases the volume of the thoracic cavity (the space in the chest that contains the lungs) and decreases the air pressure inside the lungs, causing air to rush in through the nose or mouth, down the trachea (windpipe), and into the lungs.

Expiration

During expiration, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, causing the volume of the thoracic cavity to decrease and the air pressure inside the lungs to increase. This forces air out of the lungs, up the trachea, and out through the nose or mouth.

The Role of the Lungs

The lungs play a crucial role in the process of breathing. They are highly elastic and expand and contract with each breath. The lungs are made up of millions of tiny air sacs called alveoli, which are surrounded by blood vessels. When air enters the lungs, it fills the alveoli and comes into contact with the blood vessels. Oxygen from the air diffuses into the blood vessels and is transported to the body's cells. At the same time, carbon dioxide from the cells is transported to the lungs and diffuses into the alveoli, ready to be expelled during expiration.

The Role of the Respiratory System

The respiratory system is responsible for the process of breathing. It includes the nose, mouth, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. The respiratory system works in conjunction with the circulatory system to ensure that oxygen is delivered to the body's cells and carbon dioxide is expelled.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the mechanism of breathing in humans involves the processes of inspiration and expiration, which are facilitated by the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. The lungs play a crucial role in this process by exchanging gases and delivering oxygen to the body's cells. The respiratory system works in conjunction with the circulatory system to ensure that the body receives the oxygen it needs to survive.

There are two Process

inhalation
exhalation