Colonial Super Power with Monopoly over Sugarcane Plantation in Indonesia: Dutch

Indonesia was a colony of the Dutch East India Company, which later became the Dutch colonial empire. The Dutch had a significant impact on the economy of Indonesia, particularly in the sugar industry. Here's why the Dutch had a monopoly over sugarcane plantation in Indonesia:

Historical Background:
- The Dutch East India Company (VOC) was instrumental in establishing sugarcane plantations in Indonesia during the 17th and 18th centuries.
- The Dutch introduced advanced agricultural techniques and technology, including irrigation systems, to maximize sugarcane production.

Monopoly Control:
- The Dutch implemented a system of forced cultivation, known as the "Cultuurstelsel," which required farmers to allocate a portion of their land to grow cash crops like sugarcane for export.
- The Dutch government granted concessions to European planters, giving them exclusive rights to cultivate sugarcane in certain regions of Indonesia.
- The Dutch also controlled the transportation and export of sugarcane, ensuring that they maintained a monopoly over the industry.

Impact on Indonesia:
- The Dutch monopoly over sugarcane production in Indonesia led to the exploitation of local farmers and the concentration of wealth in the hands of European planters.
- The cultivation of sugarcane for export deprived local communities of food crops and led to widespread poverty and hunger.
- The Dutch colonial administration profited immensely from the sugarcane industry, using the revenue to fund further expansion and development in Indonesia.

In conclusion, the Dutch colonial empire had a monopoly over sugarcane plantation in Indonesia, which had far-reaching economic and social consequences for the local population.