An autobiographical numbers are special types of numbers whose structu...
We first observe some patterns from the given autobiographical numbers- 1210 and 3211000.
The sum of digits of 1210= 1+2+1+0= 4 and sum of digits of 3211000= 3+2+1+1=7. So, it turns out that the sum of digits of the number= number of digits in the autobiographical number, which makes sense because the digits represent how many times a particular digit occurred within the number.
So, therefore for the 10 digit number, the number of times different digits occur will be 10 and hence the sum of digits will be 10.
Let us say that the 10 digit number is ABCDEFGHIJ.
So, A+B+C+D+E+F+G+H+I+J= 10, where A= number of zeroes, B= number of ones and so on. .....(1)
From equation (1), it is clear that the number cannot have too many large digits.
We cannot have 9+1+0+0+0+0... because 9 and 1 are two digits and the remaining digits i.e. 8 digits can at max be zeroes thereby contradicting the first digit to be 9.
If we make the first digit 8, we will need 8 zeroes in the number and 2 non-zero numbers out of which 8 is already one such number. So, the other number has to be 2, but this will again contradict because it will mean a certain digit to occur twice and therefore only 7 zeroes can be accommodated.
If we use the first digit as 7, we will need 7 zeroes and 3 non-zero digits out of which 7 is one such digit. So, ABCDEFGHIJ= 7BCDEFG1IJ.
Since A uses 7 and so 7 occurs once, H=1 because it represents the number of times 7 was used. Out of the remaining 8 digit, one will have to be 2, but that would mean a particular digit to be used twice and hence we will be left with only 6 zeroes. This too contradicts the use of A=7.
When A=6, ABCDEFGHIJ= 6BCDEF1HIJ. We have already used 2 non zero digits and there are 6 zeroes and so we have 4 non-zero digits in total. 6+1+X+Y=10 (where X and Y are the other non-zero digits).
X+Y=3. So, either X and Y can be either 1 and 2 or 2 and 1 respectively.
Therefore the sum of digits will look like 6+1+1+2= 10. Clearly there are 2 ones and 1 two.
Hence, ABCDEFGHIJ= 6210001000, which is our only 10 digit autobiographical number.