Reasons for the uneven distribution of rainfall in India:

There are several factors that contribute to the uneven distribution of rainfall in India. These factors include:

1. Geographical Features:
India's diverse geographical features play a significant role in the uneven distribution of rainfall. The country is bordered by the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, which influence the monsoon winds that bring rain. The Western Ghats and the Himalayas act as natural barriers, causing orographic rainfall. As a result, regions located on the windward side of these mountain ranges receive more rainfall compared to the leeward side.

Furthermore, the presence of deserts like the Thar Desert in the northwest and the Deccan Plateau in the south-central region creates arid conditions in these areas. The arid regions experience minimal rainfall due to the absence of moisture-laden winds.

2. Monsoon Winds:
India's climate is heavily influenced by the monsoon winds, which are responsible for most of the rainfall in the country. The Southwest Monsoon, which occurs from June to September, brings the majority of the rainfall to India. However, the distribution of monsoon rainfall is not uniform across the country.

The monsoon winds encounter different geographical features, such as mountains and plateaus, as they move across India. These features affect the amount and intensity of rainfall. For instance, the Western Ghats act as a barrier for the Southwest Monsoon, causing heavy rainfall along the windward side (west coast) and relatively less rainfall on the leeward side (east coast). Similarly, the Himalayas cause orographic rainfall, resulting in heavier rainfall in the foothills and northern regions.

3. El Niño and La Niña Phenomena:
The El Niño and La Niña phenomena have a significant impact on India's rainfall patterns. El Niño is characterized by the warming of the Pacific Ocean, which weakens the monsoon winds and leads to reduced rainfall in India. This results in drought-like conditions in many parts of the country.

On the other hand, La Niña is associated with the cooling of the Pacific Ocean, which strengthens the monsoon winds and brings above-average rainfall to India. This can result in excessive rainfall and flooding in certain regions.

These phenomena occur irregularly and can disrupt the normal monsoon patterns, leading to uneven distribution of rainfall across the country.

In conclusion, the uneven distribution of rainfall in India can be attributed to various factors, including geographical features, the influence of monsoon winds, and the occurrence of El Niño and La Niña phenomena. These factors create diverse climatic conditions and contribute to the varying levels of rainfall experienced in different parts of the country.