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In the context of the development of unions during the British Rule in India, arrange the following trade unions in the chronological order of their foundation.
  1. Bombay Mill Hands Association
  2. Kamgar Hitwardhak Sabha
  3. Madras Labour Union
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
  • a)
    3-2-1
  • b)
    1-2-3
  • c)
    2-1-3
  • d)
    3-1-2 
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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Most Upvoted Answer
In the context of the development of unions during the British Rule in...
Chronological Order of Trade Unions in British India:

Bombay Mill Hands Association (1890):
- The Bombay Mill Hands Association was one of the earliest trade unions established in India during the British Rule.
- It was founded in 1890 and played a significant role in advocating for the rights and welfare of workers in the Bombay mills.

Madras Labour Union (1918):
- The Madras Labour Union was founded in 1918, making it the second oldest trade union among the options provided.
- It was established to address the grievances of workers in the Madras region and became a prominent voice for labor rights in southern India.

Kamgar Hitwardhak Sabha (1926):
- The Kamgar Hitwardhak Sabha was founded in 1926, making it the most recent trade union among the options listed.
- This union was established to protect the interests of workers in various industries, particularly focusing on improving working conditions and wages.
Therefore, the correct chronological order of the trade unions in terms of their foundation is 1-2-3, which corresponds to Bombay Mill Hands Association, Madras Labour Union, and Kamgar Hitwardhak Sabha.
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In the context of the development of unions during the British Rule in...
  • Trade Unions are voluntary organization of Workers as well as Employers formed to protect and promote  the interest of their members. The first organized Trade Union in India named as the Madras Labour  Union was formed in the year 1918.
  • From the beginning itself, Trade Unions were not confined to workers alone. From 19th Century itself  there were Employer's associations in the form of Chamber of Commerce, Industrial Associations etc. to  protect and promote the interests of their members in a concerted manner.
  • The earliest known trade unions in India were the Bombay Millhand's Association formed in 1890,  the Amalgamated Society of railway servants of India and Burma formed in 1897,
  • Printers' Union formed in Calcutta in 1905, the Bombay Postal Union which was formed in 1907,  the Kamgar Hitwardhak Sabha Bombay formed in 1910.
  • Trade Union movement began in India after the end of First World War. After a decade following the end  of First World War the pressing need for the coordination of the activities of the individual unions was  recognised.
  • Thus, the All India Trade Union Congress was formed in 1920 on a National Basis, the Central Labour Board, Bombay and the Bengal Trades Union Federation was formed in 1922.
  • The All India Railwaymen's Federation is the largest trade union of Indian Railways workers with a membership of 1.4 million. It is affiliated with the socialist trade union centre, Hind Mazdoor Sabha. All India Railwaymen’s Federation(AIRF) was formed in 1924.
  • Prior to that several unions of the Railwaymen had been formed on various Railways and had conducted several agitations and strikes for the rights of the working class – since later part of the 19th Century (starting from 1862) and thereafter – including those from 1919 to 1922, 1925 to 1927 as well as in 1930s and 1940s.
  • The native place of Narayan Meghaji Lokhande was Kanhesar near Saswad in Pune district. He formed the mill workers union known as Bombay Mill Hands Association in1890.
  • This workers union is believed to be the beginning of organised movement in India. He was also the chairman of Mumbai branch of Satyashodhak Samaj founded by Mahatma Phule.
  • Kamgar Hitwardhak Sabha or the 'Workers Welfare Society 'was formed in the year 1910 by N. A. Talcherkar, S K Bole, B R Nare, S W Patil and others.
  • The constituted the mill workers as well as other employees and representatives from general public and occupations like law and medicine. It supported the reduction of working hours to 12 per day and urged the claims of workers for industrial compensation and education.
  • In 1917 Anasuya Sarabhai had led the Ahmedabad textile workers’ strike and in 1920 under her leadership the Majoor Mahajan, the Ahmedabad textile mill workers union was established.
  • The Madras Labour Union was formed in April 1918. B.P Wadia was its first President. It has been claimed that this was the first trade union in India. This claim is perhaps in the context that it is still in existence, its name unchanged, and was formed as an organisation in rather formal circumstances.
  • AITUC, the union federation in India was set up in 1920. It was founded by Lala Lajpat Rai, Joseph Baptista, N.M Joshi and Diwan Chaman Lall. Lajpat Rai was elected the first president of AITUC.
  • Hence option (b) is the correct answer.
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Read the information given below carefully and answer the following question.Studies of the factors governing reading development in young children have achieved remarkable degree of consensus over the past two decades. This consensus concerns the casual roles of phonological skills in young children’s progress. Children, who have good phonological skills, or good “phonological awareness” become good reader and good spellers. Children with poor phonological skills progress more poorly. In particular, those who have specific phonological deficit are likely to be classified as dyslexic by the time that they are 9 or 10 years old. Phonological skill in young children can be measured at a number of different levels. The term phonological awareness is a global one, and refer to a deficit in recognising smaller units of sound within spoken words. Development work has shown that this deficit can be at level of syllables, of onsets and rimes, or of phonemes. For example, a 4-year old child might have difficulty in recognising that a word like valentine has three syllables, suggesting a lack of syllabic awareness. A 5-year old might have difficulty in recognising that theodd word out in the set of words fan, cat, hat, mat is fan. This task requires an awareness of the sub-syllabic units of the onset and the rime. The onset corresponds to any initial consonant in the syllable, and the rime corresponds to the vowel and to any following consonants. Rimes correspond to rhyme in single-syllable words, and so the rime in fan differs from the rime in cat, hat and mat. In the longer words, rime and rhyme may differ. The onsets in val:en:tine are/v/and/t, and the rimes correspond to the spelling patterns ‘al’, ‘en’, and ‘ine’.A 6-years-old might have difficulty in recognising that plea and pray begin with the same initial sound. This is phonemic judgement. Although the initial phoneme/P/is shared between two words, in plea its part of the onset ‘pl’, and in pray it is part of the onset ‘pr’. Until children can segment the onset (or the rim e), such phonemic judgements are difficult for them to make. In fact, a recent survey of different development studies has shown that the different development studies have shown that the different levels of phonological awareness appear to emerge sequentially. The awareness of syllables, onsets, and rimes appear to emerge at around the age of 3 and 4, long before most children go to school. The awareness of phonemes, on the other hand, usually emerges at around the age of 5 and 6, when children have been taught to read for about a year. An awareness of onsets and rimes thus appears to be precursor of reading, whereas an awareness of phonemes at every serial position in a word, only appears to developas reading is taught. The onset-rime and phonemic levels of phonological structure, however, are not distinct. Many onsets in English are single phonemes, and so are some rimes (e.g. sea, go, zoo).Q.From the following statement, pick out the true statement according to the passage

Studies of the factors governing reading development in young children have achieved remarkable degree of consensus over the past two decades. This consensus concerns the casual roles of phonological skills in young children’s progress. Children, who have good phonological skills, or good “phonological awareness” become good reader and good spellers. Children with poor phonological skills progress more poorly. In particular, those who have specific phonological deficit are likely to be classified as dyslexic by the time that they are 9 or 10 years old. Phonological skill in young children can be measured at a number of different levels. The term phonological awareness is a global one, and refer to a deficit in recognising smaller units of sound within spoken words. Development work has shown that this deficit can be at level of syllables, of onsets and rimes, or of phonemes. For example, a 4-year old child might have difficulty in recognising that a word like valentine has three syllables, suggesting a lack of syllabic awareness. A 5-year old might have difficulty in recognising that theodd word out in the set of words fan, cat, hat, mat is fan. This task requires an awareness of the sub-syllabic units of the onset and the rime. The onset corresponds to any initial consonant in the syllable, and the rime corresponds to the vowel and to any following consonants. Rimes correspond to rhyme in single-syllable words, and so the rime in fan differs from the rime in cat, hat and mat. In the longer words, rime and rhyme may differ. The onsets in val:en:tine are/v/and/t, and the rimes correspond to the spelling patterns ‘al’, ‘en’, and ‘ine’.A 6-years-old might have difficulty in recognising that plea and pray begin with the same initial sound. This is phonemic judgement. Although the initial phoneme/P/is shared between two words, in plea its part of the onset ‘pl’, and in pray it is part of the onset ‘pr’. Until children can segment the onset (or the rim e), such phonemic judgements are difficult for them to make. In fact, a recent survey of different development studies has shown that the different development studies have shown that the different levels of phonological awareness appear to emerge sequentially. The awareness of syllables, onsets, and rimes appear to emerge at around the age of 3 and 4, long before most children go to school. The awareness of phonemes, on the other hand, usually emerges at around the age of 5 and 6, when children have been taught to read for about a year. An awareness of onsets and rimes thus appears to be precursor of reading, whereas an awareness of phonemes at every serial position in a word, only appears to developas reading is taught. The onset-rime and phonemic levels of phonological structure, however, are not distinct. Many onsets in English are single phonemes, and so are some rimes (e.g. sea, go, zoo).Q.A phonological deficit in which of the following is likely to be classified as dyslexia?

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In the context of the development of unions during the British Rule in India, arrange the following trade unions in the chronological order of their foundation. Bombay Mill Hands Association Kamgar Hitwardhak Sabha Madras Labour UnionSelect the correct answer using the code given below.a)3-2-1b)1-2-3c)2-1-3d)3-1-2Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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