Phenotype of a cross between violet and white-flowered true-breeding garden pea plants

Introduction:
When discussing the phenotype of a cross between violet and white-flowered true-breeding garden pea plants, it is important to understand the principles of genetics and inheritance in pea plants. Gregor Mendel, known as the father of genetics, conducted extensive experiments on pea plants and established the basic laws of inheritance.

Law of Dominance:
According to Mendel's law of dominance, when two pure-breeding plants with contrasting traits are crossed, the offspring will display only one of the traits in the phenotype. In this case, violet and white-flowered pea plants are true-breeding, meaning they consistently produce offspring with the same flower color.

Phenotype of the Parent Plants:
Violet-flowered pea plants have a violet phenotype, while white-flowered pea plants have a white phenotype. Both of these plants are true-breeding, which means they are homozygous for their respective flower colors.

Genotype of the Parent Plants:
Violet-flowered pea plants have the genotype "VV," and white-flowered pea plants have the genotype "vv." The genotype represents the alleles present in an organism's DNA, with V representing the dominant violet allele and v representing the recessive white allele.

Genetic Cross:
When the violet-flowered plant (VV) is crossed with the white-flowered plant (vv), all the offspring in the F1 generation will have the genotype "Vv." This is because the violet allele is dominant over the white allele, and the offspring will inherit one allele from each parent.

Phenotype of the Offspring:
Although the offspring in the F1 generation have the genotype "Vv," they will display the violet phenotype. This is because the dominant violet allele masks the expression of the recessive white allele. Therefore, the phenotype of the cross between violet and white-flowered true-breeding garden pea plants will be violet.

Conclusion:
The phenotype of the cross between violet and white-flowered true-breeding garden pea plants will be violet. This is due to the dominance of the violet allele over the white allele in pea plant genetics.