The anticodon loop of the tRNA (transfer RNA) is an essential component of the molecule that plays a crucial role in protein synthesis. It contains bases that are complementary to the codon sequence on the mRNA (messenger RNA). Let's break down the components and functions of the anticodon loop in detail:

Anticodon:
- The anticodon is a specific sequence of three nucleotides located on the anticodon loop of the tRNA molecule.
- It is complementary to the codon sequence on the mRNA during translation.
- The anticodon ensures the correct pairing between the tRNA and mRNA, allowing the proper insertion of amino acids into the growing polypeptide chain.

Complementary Bases:
- The anticodon loop contains bases that are complementary to the codon sequence on the mRNA.
- Complementary base pairing is essential for the accurate translation of the genetic code.
- The anticodon bases form hydrogen bonds with the corresponding codon bases on the mRNA.
- For example, if the mRNA codon is UAC (uracil, adenine, cytosine), the tRNA anticodon will be AUG (adenine, uracil, guanine).

Codons:
- Codons are sequences of three nucleotides on the mRNA that specify a particular amino acid during protein synthesis.
- For example, the codon AUG codes for the amino acid methionine, which serves as the start codon in most organisms.
- The tRNA anticodon recognizes and binds to the codon on the mRNA, allowing the correct amino acid to be added to the growing polypeptide chain.

Function:
- The primary function of the anticodon loop is to recognize and bind to the codon sequence on the mRNA.
- By base pairing with the mRNA codon, the anticodon ensures the correct insertion of amino acids into the growing polypeptide chain during translation.
- The specificity of the anticodon-codon interaction ensures the faithful translation of the genetic code and the production of functional proteins.

In conclusion, the anticodon loop of the tRNA contains bases that are complementary to the codon sequence on the mRNA. This complementary base pairing is essential for the accurate translation of the genetic code during protein synthesis.