Theory Y and Theory X belong to the Socio-political perspective.

Theories X and Y were developed by Douglas McGregor, a renowned management theorist, in the 1960s. These theories describe two different perspectives on how managers perceive and treat their employees.

Theory X is based on the assumption that employees are inherently lazy, dislike work, and need to be closely monitored and controlled by their managers. Managers who subscribe to Theory X believe that employees need external motivation in the form of rewards and punishments to perform well. This perspective is often associated with a more authoritarian management style.

Theory Y, on the other hand, is based on the assumption that employees are self-motivated, responsible, and capable of taking initiative. Managers who adhere to Theory Y believe that employees can thrive in an environment that encourages creativity, empowerment, and participative decision-making. This perspective is associated with a more democratic and participative management style.

Now, let's understand why Theory Y and Theory X belong to the Socio-political perspective:

1. Socio-political perspective: This perspective focuses on the social and political aspects of organizations and how they interact with the larger society. It examines the relationship between power, authority, and control in an organization.

2. Theory X and Theory Y, being management theories, are directly related to the power dynamics within an organization. Theory X assumes that managers need to exert control and authority over employees, reflecting a more traditional, hierarchical power structure.

3. On the other hand, Theory Y aligns with a more collaborative and participative approach, where power is shared among employees and managers. It emphasizes the importance of employee empowerment and involvement in decision-making processes.

4. The Socio-political perspective also considers the impact of social and political factors on the organization and its employees. It recognizes that the organization's values, culture, and external environment can shape the behavior and attitudes of its members.

Given these points, it is clear that Theory Y and Theory X, with their focus on power dynamics, management styles, and employee motivation, fall under the Socio-political perspective.