Classical Perspective of Management

The classical perspective of management is one of the earliest and most influential viewpoints in the field of management. The classical perspective is based on the assumption that people are rational beings, and that organizations are machines that can be designed and managed to achieve maximum efficiency and productivity. The classical perspective is divided into three subfields, which are:

1. Scientific Management
Scientific management, also known as Taylorism, was developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor in the early 1900s. Scientific management focuses on the use of scientific methods to improve efficiency and productivity in the workplace. Taylor believed that workers were inherently lazy and needed to be motivated through financial incentives. He also believed that the work process could be broken down into smaller tasks, and that each task could be optimized for maximum efficiency.

2. Administrative Management
Administrative management, developed by Henri Fayol in the early 1900s, focuses on the principles of management that can be applied to all types of organizations. Fayol identified five functions of management: planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling. He also identified 14 principles of management, which include division of work, unity of command, and centralization.

3. Bureaucratic Management
Bureaucratic management, developed by Max Weber in the early 1900s, focuses on the use of rules, procedures, and regulations to achieve efficiency and consistency in the workplace. Weber believed that bureaucracy was the most efficient way to organize large organizations, and that it was necessary to separate personal relationships from work relationships in order to achieve maximum efficiency.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the classical perspective of management includes three subfields: scientific management, administrative management, and bureaucratic management. Each subfield focuses on a different aspect of management, but they are all based on the same assumption that organizations can be designed and managed to achieve maximum efficiency and productivity. The classical perspective has had a significant impact on the field of management, and many of its principles are still used today.

Ans: a) Classical perspective