Flip-Flop and Latch: Differences and Functions

Introduction
Flip-flops and latches are fundamental building blocks in digital circuits, commonly used for storing and transferring data. Although they serve similar purposes, they have distinct differences in terms of triggering mechanism and functionality. This answer aims to explain these differences and highlight the correct option.

Flip-Flop
- A flip-flop is a sequential logic device that stores a single bit of data.
- It has two stable states, typically denoted as "0" and "1."
- The transition between these states occurs on a specific edge of a clock signal.
- The most common types of flip-flops are D flip-flop, JK flip-flop, T flip-flop, and SR flip-flop.
- Flip-flops are commonly used for applications such as data storage, counters, and registers.
- The transition from one state to another in a flip-flop is synchronized with the clock signal, making it edge-triggered.

Latch
- A latch is also a sequential logic device that stores a single bit of data.
- It has two stable states, similar to a flip-flop.
- The transition between these states is controlled by an enable signal.
- Latches are classified into different types, including SR latch, D latch, JK latch, and T latch.
- Latches are commonly used for applications such as data synchronization and data transfer.
- The transition from one state to another in a latch is controlled by the enable signal, making it level-triggered.

Differences
1. Triggering Mechanism:
- Flip-flops are edge-triggered, meaning they change state when a specific edge (rising or falling) of the clock signal occurs.
- Latches are level-triggered, meaning they change state when the enable signal is at a specific level (high or low), regardless of the clock signal.

2. Functionality:
- Flip-flops are primarily used for applications that require synchronization with the clock signal, such as storing data in registers or creating sequential circuits.
- Latches are commonly used for applications that require immediate data transfer or synchronization without the need for a clock signal.

Correct Answer: Option B
The correct option is B because it states that flip-flops are edge-triggered, while latches are level-triggered. This accurately describes the differences between these two sequential logic devices.