Harmonic distortion

Harmonic distortion is the distortion caused by multiple frequencies in the output. When an amplifier amplifies the input signal, it also amplifies any harmonic distortion present in the input signal. Harmonic distortion is a type of non-linear distortion that occurs when a non-linear device, such as an amplifier, produces harmonics of the input signal. Harmonics are frequencies that are multiples of the fundamental frequency of the input signal.

Causes of harmonic distortion

Harmonic distortion is caused by non-linearities in the amplifier or other components in the signal path. Non-linearities can be caused by a number of factors, including:

- Saturation of the amplifier: When an amplifier is driven too hard, it can become saturated and produce distortion.
- Clipping: Clipping occurs when the output signal exceeds the limits of the amplifier's power supply. This can produce distortion.
- Non-linearities in other components: Other components in the signal path, such as passive filters, can also produce non-linearities that result in harmonic distortion.

Effects of harmonic distortion

Harmonic distortion can have a number of negative effects on the output signal. It can cause the signal to sound harsh or distorted, and it can reduce the overall fidelity of the signal. In some cases, harmonic distortion can even cause damage to speakers or other components in the signal path.

Reducing harmonic distortion

Harmonic distortion can be reduced by using high-quality components in the signal path, such as high-quality amplifiers and passive filters. It can also be reduced by properly setting the gain and level of the amplifier. In some cases, it may be necessary to use signal processing techniques, such as equalization or compression, to reduce harmonic distortion.