Busy Waiting in process synchronization refers to a situation in which a process remains in a loop, continuously checking for a condition to be true, while preventing other processes from accessing a critical section. It is also known as Spin Lock.

Busy Waiting is a method of achieving synchronization by having a process repeatedly check a condition rather than blocking or sleeping until the condition becomes true. This approach is typically used in situations where the waiting time is expected to be short, and blocking or sleeping would introduce unnecessary overhead.

Busy Waiting is often used in operating systems and concurrent programming to implement mutual exclusion, where only one process can access a critical section at a time. When a process enters the critical section, it prevents other processes from entering by continuously checking a shared variable or flag until it becomes available.

Busy Waiting can be implemented using a loop construct, where the process repeatedly checks the shared variable or flag. If the condition is not met, the process continues to loop, consuming CPU resources. Once the condition becomes true, the process exits the loop and enters the critical section.

However, Busy Waiting can be inefficient and wasteful of system resources, especially if the waiting time is long. This is because the process consumes CPU resources even when it does not have any work to perform. As a result, it can lead to poor system performance and resource utilization.

Alternative synchronization mechanisms like semaphores, locks, and condition variables are often preferred over Busy Waiting. These mechanisms allow a process to block or sleep until a condition is met, freeing up CPU resources for other processes to use. This approach is known as blocking synchronization and is more efficient in situations where the waiting time is expected to be long.

In summary, Busy Waiting is a method of process synchronization where a process repeatedly checks a condition to enter a critical section. It is also known as Spin Lock. While it may be suitable for short waiting times, it can be inefficient for longer waiting times. Alternative synchronization mechanisms like blocking synchronization are preferred in such cases.