Explanation:

The variable that depends on the amount or quantity of material is called an extensive variable. Extensive variables are directly proportional to the amount of substance present. In other words, as the amount of material increases, the value of the extensive variable also increases.

Examples of Extensive Variables:
1. Mass: The mass of a substance depends on the quantity of material present. If you have a larger amount of material, the mass will be greater.
2. Volume: The volume of a substance is directly related to the amount of material. If you have more material, the volume will be larger.
3. Moles: The number of moles of a substance is an extensive variable. It increases as the amount of material increases.

Comparison with Intensive Variables:
Unlike extensive variables, intensive variables do not depend on the amount of material present. Intensive variables are properties that remain constant regardless of the quantity of material. These variables are independent of the size or extent of the system.

Examples of Intensive Variables:
1. Temperature: The temperature of a substance does not depend on the amount of material present. It is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles and remains constant regardless of the quantity.
2. Density: The density of a substance is also an intensive variable. It is defined as the mass per unit volume and is independent of the amount of material.

Conclusion:
In summary, the variable that depends on the amount of material is called an extensive variable. Examples of extensive variables include mass, volume, and moles. Intensive variables, on the other hand, do not depend on the amount of material and remain constant. Examples of intensive variables include temperature and density. Therefore, the correct answer is option 'B' - extensive.