Preventing Cross-Flow towards Earthen Embankments

Earthen embankments are usually constructed to prevent floodwaters from entering into populated areas. During heavy rainfall, the water level in the river or stream rises, and there is a possibility of the water flowing over the embankment, which is known as cross-flow. To prevent the possibility of the cross-flow towards the earthen embankments, it is necessary to provide certain measures.

Sides Walls of Sufficient Height and Length

The most effective way to prevent cross-flow towards earthen embankments is to provide side walls of sufficient height and length. Side walls are usually constructed on both sides of the embankment to prevent water from flowing over the embankment. The height and length of the side walls should be such that they can withstand the force of the water and prevent it from flowing over the embankment.

Counter Berms

Counter berms are another measure that can be taken to prevent cross-flow towards earthen embankments. Counter berms are small embankments constructed on the downstream side of the main embankment. They act as a barrier and prevent water from flowing over the embankment.

Sufficient Freeboard

Freeboard is the vertical distance between the crest of the embankment and the maximum water level. Providing sufficient freeboard is important to prevent cross-flow towards earthen embankments. The freeboard should be such that it can accommodate the maximum expected water level during heavy rainfall.

Spoil Banks

Spoil banks are temporary embankments constructed on the downstream side of the main embankment. They are usually constructed using excavated soil from the main embankment. Spoil banks act as a barrier and prevent water from flowing over the embankment.

Conclusion

In conclusion, providing side walls of sufficient height and length is the most effective way to prevent cross-flow towards earthen embankments. Other measures such as counter berms, sufficient freeboard, and spoil banks can also be taken to prevent cross-flow. It is important to ensure that the embankment is designed and constructed to withstand the force of the water during heavy rainfall.